Transcript Chapter 30 Respiratory and Circulatory system

Circulatory System
&
Respiratory System
Chapter 30
Evolution of the Circulatory System
Originally Marine
animals simply
diffused gases
and nutrients
through their
body surface
As complexity
and terrestrial
habitat evolved a
pump system
formed
Open System vs. Closed System

Hemolymph held
within a body cavity

Blood diffuses
through wall of the
blood vessels

Single loop- gills,
two chambered heart

Double loop- lungs
Different forms of Closed Systems
Function of the Circulatory System

Transports fluid throughout
the body

Role in Homeostasis
– Transports O2, CO2,
nutrients, waste,
hormones, and
immune components
Cardiovascular System consists of
Blood- 45% cells, 55% plasma
Plasma- 90% water, fibrinogen
erythrocytes- red blood cells,
contain hemoglobin carries oxygen
leukocytes- white blood cells,
fight infection
Blood Vessels
Artery- thicker
Vein
Capillaries- porous walls
Flow of blood through the Heart

Oxygen poor blood from the
body enters the right atrium
and travels through the
tricuspid valve to the
right ventricle where it is
pumped into the lungs

Oxygenated blood from the
lungs enters the left atrium
where it flows to the
left ventricle through the
mitral valve, from there it is
pumped throughout the body
It is thicker!
Why?
The Circulatory System
Arteries
Veins
CO2 rich blood
enters the lungs via
the heart
O2 rich blood is
carried to the heart
then transported by
arteries throughout
the body
The capillaries are
where the nutrients
and wastes are
exchanged between
the blood and the
cells
Veins take the CO2
rich blood back to
the heart
Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
Atherosclerosis- Buildup of plaque on walls of
arteries
Hypertension- high blood pressure, forces
heart to work harder
Heart Attack
Stroke- blood clot from atherosclerosis breaks
free and gets stuck in a blood vessel leading to
or in brain
The
Respiratory
System
Evolution of the Respiratory System
Diffusion of gases requires a thin moist
membrane
Larger the surface area, the larger the
amount of gases exchanged
Invertebrate Lungs
Vertebrate Lungs
The Respiratory
System
Purpose is to bring
about the exchange of
O2 and CO2
The gases are
transported
throughout the body
by the circulatory
system
Oxygen is bound on
hemoglobin, this
increases the
carrying capacity of
the blood by more
than 60 times
Oxygen
enters the
capillaries
and
Carbon
Dioxide
leaves
Organs of the Respiratory System
Warms ,
humidifies,
and filters
the air
Lined
with cilia
and
mucus
Passage way for food
and air
Site of gas exchange
Gases
diffuse
through the
capillary
membrane
at the
alveolus
The physiology of breathing

The diaphragm (C)
contracts and
causes a change in
pressure in the
lungs

Warmed filtered
air comes down
the trachea (A)
Asthma
Facts on Asthma
1 in 7 children
1 in 12 adults
Nine million children under the age of 18 have
asthma
Most common form is allergic asthma
Non allergic form appears during exercise, cold,
dry, or polluted air
Why you should not smoke

Smoking paralyzes the cilia in the bronchioles
A city dwellers lung
A smokers lung with cancer