Transcript Respiratory System

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Breathing
Breathing in is called Inspiration.
 Breathing out is called expiration.

PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

Nasal Cavity
 Epiglottis
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Lungs
 Diaphragm
NASAL CAVITY

The nostrils or nares are usually located in the
openings of the nose. Mucus Membranes warm
and moisten the air while cilia trap inhaled
particles.
PHARYNX

The human pharynx is the part of the throat situated
immediately behind the mouth and the nasal cavity. The
pharynx is where the nasal cavities, oral cavities converge.
Both food and air are passed into the pharynx.
EPIGLOTTIS

The
epiglottis
is
a
cartilaginous
valve
that
covers the entry of the larynx
preventing
food
from
entering it and the trachea.

When inhaling the epiglottis
remains opened.

The epiglottis closes when
food gets swallowed. This
prevents
food
from
obstructing the larynx.
TRACHEA

The trachea (or windpipe) is the bony tube that connects
the nose and mouth to the lungs. When an individual
breathes, air that is caught flows into the lungs through the
trachea.
LARYNX

The larynx, commonly called
the voice box, is located at the
top of the trachea.

The larynx houses the vocal
cords which are an essential
component
of
phonation
(making sound).

The vocal cords are folds of
membrane stretched across the
larynx. They vibrate when air
passes by causing a sound.
Bronchi
Once air progresses through the trachea,
it branches into two tubes called the
bronchi which lead to a lung.
Once in a lung the bronchi keep branching
into smaller and smaller tubes known at
bronchioles.
Chest x rays
Normal female
Lateral (male)
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Alveoli

The bronchioles have
air sacs at the end.

Each air sac is called an
alveolus (pularal aveoli)
Cilia

Along the Bronchi and down into the lungs
are little hairs called cilia (microtubules).

These act as a filter catching chemicals
and substances that are not supposed to
get into your body.
Lungs
Each Alveolus is encapsulated by capillaries Which allows
oxygen to diffuse into the blood And carbon dioxide to diffuse
out of the blood.

The “air-blood barrier” (the respiratory
membrane) is where gas exchange occurs
– Oxygen diffuses from air in alveolus (singular
of alveoli) to blood in capillary
– Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood in
the capillary into the air in
the alveolus
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DIAPHRAGM



It is a dome-shaped muscle that
separates the chest cavity and the
abdominal cavity.
When the diaphragm contracts it
pushes down on the abdomen and
other chest muscles push the ribs
out making more room for the
lung.
Then the chest muscles and
diaphragm
relax
and
the
diaphragm moves up.
Diaphragm

Hiccups are caused by the diaphragm
spamming.

The vocal cords snap shut to stop the
sudden inward flow of air making the
hiccup sound.
INHALATION

Normal respirations are 10 to 18 breaths per minute,
with each lasting around 2 seconds.

During vigorous inhalation (at rates exceeding 35
breaths per minute), or when approaching respiratory
failure, accessory muscles of respiration are recruited
for support.
Smoking

When you smoke the
chemicals in the cigarrett
kill off all the cilia.

The tar and harmful
chemicals are now stuck
in your lungs and able to
diffuse into your blood.

There are many diseases of the respiratory system,
including asthma, cystic fibrosis, COPD (chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease – with chronic bronchitis
and/or emphysema) and epiglottitis
example:
normal
emphysema
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