Transcript Slide 1
Chapter 10 Respiratory System ROOTS • • • • • • • • • • Naso, rhino- nose Oro- mouth Stetho, thoraco- chest Bronchi, broncho- bronchus Bronchiolo- bronchiolus Laryngo- larynx Pharyngo- pharynx Pleura- pleural membranes of the lungs Pneuma, pneumo, pneumato, pneumono, pulmo- lungs Tracheo- trachea Components of the Respiratory System • • • • • • • • Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Thorax Diaphragm THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEPEND ON ONE ANOTHER BREATHING • ______________/_______________: Inhaled oxygen fills the lungs where the RBCs pick it up and bring it to the cells of the body via the pumping action of the heart. • ______________/_______________: Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide which is transported back to the lungs by the blood and exhaled from the body. Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Exchange Capillary Beds O2 CO2 Exchange NOSE • Entrance for _____, exit for ________. • Nose and respiratory tract are lined with ____________________________ mucosa which filters out dust and foreign matter. • Nose __________ and _____________ the entering air • Mucosa has ____________ receptors for _____________. (_________________________________________) • ______________ are the openings to the airways (nostrils) • _________________ AND __________________________ vary with species – __________ has very pliable and expandable nostrils (no ______________ breathing) Gettin’ Nosey PHARYNX – (THROAT) • Communicates with the _________ chambers, __________, _______________ tubes and ____________. • Upper portion is attached to base of ________, lower portion unites with _________________. • 3 parts: ______________________(nose) _____________________(mouth) _____________________ (larynx) • Passageway for _____ and ______ EUSTACHIAN TUBE (pharyngotympanic tube) Serves to equalize pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane. LARYNX • “______________” and passageway for air • Located “____________” (caudal to) pharynx • _________________Cartilaginous structure that prevents _______ from entering the ___________ during ________________. • Sound is produced by air passing through the ____________ (vocal folds & space) at the _________________ causing vibrations. • Phonation • _________= Organ in birds that produces sound BIRDS - SYRINX Birds: SYRINX (trachea > bronchi) TRACHEA • “____________” • Tube of __________ muscle and C-shaped rings of ________________. – Rings help to prevent ____________ • Stretches from ____________ to _____________. – lined with ___________ membrane. Collapsing Trachea BRONCHI • The C-shaped rings continue from the trachea and become ___________ rings as they enter the _________. • Trachea divides into the – _____________ on the right and left sides as they enter the lungs • site of division is called the ________________ • Lined with ______________ mucous membrane – Further divide into the ___________ bronchi which branch into – ___________(which further branch into even smaller bronchioles) – Aveolar ducts terminate into ______________________: walls composed of MANY ALVEOLI (________________, ____________________-lined spaces) • ______ and ________ are exchanged in the __________sacs • No rings in alveolar ducts, sacs, or alveoli LUNGS • Primary structures of _______________ system – Base lies on cranial surface of __________________. – Contain _______ (most species: _____ Left = cranial, caudal lobes; ____ Right = cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) – Very light and spongy consistency – Paired; contain hundreds of millions of _________ and ________________. – Function = ______________________ Lobes of the Lungs LUNGS • Encased in _______________________ (a serous membrane) • Thoracic cavity lined with ____________ pleura. – Membranes reduces ______________ during respiration – Space between is _____________ cavity or ______________ space THORAX • ___________ cavity; ________ cavity • _______________ membranes divide it into right and left pleural cavities. • ______________________ • Area between the lungs • Contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, nerves, arteries, veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes MEDIASTINUM DIAPHRAGM • Thin sheet of ____________ muscle that separates the _____________ and _________________cavities. • Dome-shaped when ____________; flat when _____________________. • Attaches to ____________ vertebrae, lower ribs, and ______________. • Most important muscle of respiration – Inspiration = contracted, flattened, lowered – Expiration = relaxed, raised DIAPHRAGM