Transcript The Respiratory System

By Gretel D’Souza, Claude D’Netto,
Mandy Grewal, and Anu Kakkar
Common Word Elements Related to the Respiratory System
Bronchi/o
Bronchus
Laryng/o
Larynx
Nas/o, Rhin/o
Nose
Pharyng/o
Pharynx
Phren/o
Diaphragm
-pnea (suffix)
Breathing (a suffix used in such terms as
dyspnea, which means “difficulty in
breathing”)
Pneum/o, Pneumon/o, Pulmon/o
Lung
Sinus/o
Sinus Cavity
Trache/o
Trachea
• Nose
• Nasal Cavity
• Pharynx
The Nose
• Body’s first line of
defense against
contaminants in the
air
• Hairs, called cilia,
inside the nose filter
out particulate matter
contained in air
entering the nose
The Nasal Cavity
• Body’s second line of defense against foreign
material trying to enter the respiratory system
• Nasal cavity lining is coated by mucus which
filters out particles that are too small to be
picked up by hairs in the nose
• Incoming air is warmed and moistened as is
passes through the nasal cavity
• Outgoing air gives up its heat and water vapor
The Pharynx
• Incoming air passes out of the nasal cavity into
the pharynx, where it is further purified and
filtered to eliminate germs and unwanted
chemicals
•
•
•
•
Larynx
Trachea and Bronchi
Lungs
Diaphragm
The Larynx
• Marks the beginning of the lower respiratory
system
• Provides us with a means of speech
• Passes purified air into the trachea
• Larynx prevents food and drink from entering
the trachea
The Trachea and Bronchi
• Often called the windpipe because air flows
through it into the bronchi
• Trachea is a bit more than 4 in. long
• Bronchi start at about shoulder level
– As they move into the lungs, they become smaller
• Bronchioles are somewhat like capillaries
– Get smaller as they extend deeper into the lungs,
eventually reaching a diameter of about half a
millimeter
• Incoming air passes from the bronchi to the lungs
The Lungs
• The apex is the tip of the
right lung that points
upward
• The bottom part of the right
lung, called the base, rests
on top of the diaphragm
• The left lung is almost
identical, except for an
indentation on its inner side
to accommodate the heart
The Lungs Cont.
• The air flows through the bronchioles and
branches off into tiny passageways and sacs,
called alveoli (singular alveolus)
• Alveoli receive oxygen from the air so that it
can be picked up by the blood in the
capillaries associated with them
The Diaphragm
• Located at the very bottom
of the respiratory system
• Initiates the breathing
process
• When the diaphragm moves
downward, the partial
vacuum thus formed draws
air into the lungs
• When it pushes upward, air
is expelled from the lungs
Alveoli
• Singular: alveolus
• From the latin word alveus “trough”
• Small cavities in which oxygen is removed
from the air delivered by the bronchioles.
Apex
• Latin: tip
• Word used to
describe the upper
tip of each lung
Base
• Common English
word
• Word used to
describe the
bottom of each
lung
Bronchi
• Singular: bronchus
• Latin: windpipe
• Tubes (right and
left) branching off
from the trachea
and into the lungs
Bronchiole
• From the Latin
word bronchiolus
“small windpipe”
• Very small
branches of bronchi
that extend into
the lungs
Diaphragm
• From the Greek
word diaphragma
“partition”
• Muscular partition
at the base of the
thoracic cavity
Phrenic
• Phren/o- diaphragm; -ic (adjective suffix)
• Adjective referring to the diaphragm;
synonymous with diaphragmatic
Epiglottis
• Epi- outside; glottisopening of the
windpipe
• A mucous
membrane covered
leaf shaped piece of
the cartilage at the
root of the tongue
Larynx
• Vocal cords;
voice box
Nasal
• Nas/o- nose; -al
(adjective suffix)
• Adjective referring
to the nose
Pharynx
• Greek word meaning “throat”
• Passageway just below the nasal cavity and
mouth
Pulmonary
• From the latin word “pulmo” (lung)
• Adjective frequently used to modify another
term in or associated with the lungs
Trachea
• From the Greek word “tracheia” meaning
rough
• windpipe
1. Bronchoplasty: Surgical repair of the
bronchus
2. Bronchorrhapy: Suturing of the bronchus
3. Bronchotomy: Incision into a bronchus
1. Laryngectomy: Excision of the larynx
2. Laryngoplasty: Surgical repair of the
larynx
3. Laryngotomy: Incision into the larynx
1. Pharyngoplasty: Surgical repair of the
pharynx
2. Pharyngotomy: Incision into the pharynx
1. Pneumonectomy: Removal of the pulmonary
lobes from a lung
2. Pneumonopexy: Surgical fixation of a lung
3. Pneumonorraphy: Suturing of a lung
4. Pneumonotomy: Incision into a lung
1. Rhinoplasty: Surgery performed on the nose
2. Rhinotomy: Surgical incision into the nose
1. Sinusotomy: Incision into a sinus
2. Tracheoplasty: Surgical repair of the trachea
3. Tracheotomy: Incision into the trachea for
the purpose of restoring airflow to the lungs
1. Laryngology: Branch of the medical study
concerned with the larynx and diagnosis and
treatment of its diseases
2. Rhinology: Branch of medical study
concerned with the nose and diagnosis and
treatment of its diseases
3. Rhinologist: One who specializes in the study,
diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal
conditions of the nose
More Terms
Atelectasis
• Reduction or absence of air in part or all of a
lung, resulting in loss of lung volume
Pertussis
• An acute infectious
inflammation of
larnyx, trachea, and
bronchi caused by
Brodetella pertussis
Tuberculosis
• Disease caused by presence of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, most commonly affecting the
lungs