Transcript Oxygen Pathway - Noadswood Science

Cardiovascular System
Noadswood Science, 2012
Tuesday, March 29, 2016
Cardiovascular System

To know the pathway of oxygen through the circulatory system
Pathway

Have a look at the following anagrams - merit for the first to get
them all (written down)!
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Threa
Reeisart
Pillaarisce
Sinev
Nxyoge
Boncar Ddiioxe
Bicroeana
Tionaripser
Bicroea
Threabngi
Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Anaerobic
Respiration
Aerobic
Breathing
Circulation

What is the function of the circulatory system? What does it
transport?

The circulatory system is the body's main transport system,
carrying food and oxygen to the cells and taking waste products
(carbon dioxide) away

It consists of the heart; arteries; veins; and
capillaries
Circulatory System
Oxygen

Oxygen is initially absorbed into the blood within the lungs (via
diffusion)

It will now travel through a variety of systems in order to get to
the cell, where it is needed for respiration
Traveling

Blood travels through three types of vessel - arteries, veins and
capillaries with have specific properties: – Arteries are thick-walled muscular tubes which carry blood away
from the heart - fast flowing!
– Veins are thin walled tubes which carry blood back to the heart –
they have a large diameter and valves as the blood flows slower
– Capillaries are extremely narrow tubes which carry blood through
our tissues: their walls are just one cell thick - so thin that oxygen,
food and waste products can easily pass through them
Blood Vessels – Artery

Arteries are thick-walled muscular tubes which carry blood away from
the heart - fast flowing!
thick outer wall
thick inner layer of muscle
and elastic fibres
narrow central tube
(lumen)
Blood Vessels – Veins

Veins are thin walled tubes which carry blood back to the heart – they
have a large diameter and valves as the blood flows slower
thin outer wall
thin inner layer of muscle
and elastic fibres
wide central tube
(lumen)
Blood Vessels – Capillaries

Capillaries are extremely narrow tubes which carry blood through our
tissues: their walls are just one cell thick - so thin that oxygen, food and
waste products can easily pass through them
wall only one cell thick
Blood Vessels
blood to the
heart
blood from
the heart
Artery
Vein
Carries
blood away
from the
heart
Carries
blood back
into the
heart
carries blood to
and from the
body’s cells
Blood

Blood is a liquid tissue whose function is to fight disease and to
transport materials around the body




Blood plasma (liquid) containing glucose, amino acids, nutrients, hormones, as well as waste materials like urea
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, a protein which picks up oxygen molecules in the lungs
White blood cells fight disease by making antibodies and fighting germs
Platelets are cell fragments. Together with fibrinogen they form clots to repair cuts or tears in nearby tissue
Blood Plasma

Blood plasma is the liquid which carries everything in the blood
(a pale straw-coloured liquid)

Red and white blood cells; nutrients such as amino acids and
glucose; carbon dioxide; urea; hormones; antibodies and
antitoxins are all carried in the blood plasma
Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the
body – they have a doughnut shape to maximise their surface
area and they contain no nucleus at maturity

They contain the red pigment haemoglobin which combines with
oxygen at the lungs (becoming oxyhaemoglobin)

In body tissues the oxygen and haemoglobin split (which
releases the oxygen to the cells)
White Blood Cells

White blood cells defend against disease – they can change
shape to consume unwelcome microorganisms (they do contain
a nucleus)

White blood cells also produce antibodies to fight
microorganisms and antitoxins to neutralise any toxins produced
by harmful microorganisms
Platelets

Platelets are small fragments of cell and have no nucleus

They help the blood to clot at a wound stopping blood loss (and
microorganisms entering)

A lack of platelets can cause excessive bleeding and bruising
Heart

What do you know about our heart? How does it work? How is it
specialised?

The heart pumps blood around the body – in humans this is a
four chambered pump

The right side of the heart pumps
deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up
oxygen

The left side of the heart pumps the
oxygenated blood from the lungs around the
rest of the body (which is why it is more
muscular)
Heart

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up
oxygen

The left side of the heart pumps the oxygenated blood from the lungs around the
rest of the body (which is why it is more muscular)
Heart
lungs
Deoxygenated blood
is pumped from the
heart to the lungs
through the
pulmonary artery
Oxygenated blood
returns to the
heart through the
pulmonary vein
Oxygenated blood
is pumped at high
pressure from the
heart to the body
through the aorta
Deoxygenated
blood returns to the
heart through the
vena cava
body’s
cells
Double Circulation

The pulmonary circulation carries: – Deoxygenated blood from the heart to
the lungs
– Oxygenated blood back from the lungs
to the heart, ready to be pumped out to
the body

The systemic circulation carries: – Oxygenated blood to the rest of the
body through the arteries
– Deoxygenated blood back to the heart
through the veins
lungs
body’s
cells
Cells

Oxygen and glucose leak out of the capillaries and the cells
close by absorb the required oxygen and glucose

The waste products (including carbon dioxide) pass out of the
cells and into this fluid, that is then re-absorbed by the blood

Capillaries do not join up to every cell - instead fluid is passed
out of them, with cells close by absorbing what they need
Summary

Oxygen enters the body in the lungs, via breathing

It is absorbed into the blood, where it passes through the heart
and then throughout the body (via the circulatory system)

It travels through arteries, veins and capillaries

Cells and blood exchange materials in the fluid, which is
released adjacent to the capillaries

The cells then use this oxygen for respiration
Stents

Stents keep arteries open (tubes inserted inside arteries
keeping them opening allowing blood to pass)

Stents lower the risk of a heart attack, especially for individuals
who suffer coronary heart disease (fatty deposits blocking the
blood supply to the heart)
Worksheet

Match the circulatory
key words with their
function
Worksheet

Complete the circulatory
system worksheet
Arteries
Heart
Veins
Capillaries
One cell thick
Donation
Donation