Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
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Transcript Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Chapter 15
The Cardiorespiratory System
• Includes function of the heart, blood vessels,
circulation, and gas exchange, between the
blood and atmosphere.
– Heart pumps blood through the body through
pathways (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
• Blood is enriched with oxygen when it passes through
the lungs
• As oxygen enters the bloodstream, carbon dioxide
leaves it (respiration)
The Circulatory System
• Course taken by blood through the arteries,
capillaries, and veins & back to heart
• Uses blood to transport dissolved materials
throughout body
– Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste
• Picks up waste products of cell metabolism &
takes to lungs and kidneys (to be expelled
from body)
Blood
• Only tissue that flows throughout body
• Carries oxygen & nutrients to all parts of body
and transports waste products back to lungs,
kidneys, and liver for disposal
• Essential part of immune system
• Crucial for fluid and temperature balance
• Hydraulic fluid for certain functions
• Highway for hormonal messages
• Composed of plasma and billions of cells
Plasma
The yellowish, liquid part of blood
River in which blood cells travel
Makes up 55% of total volume
Carries blood cells +
Nutrients (sugars, amino acids, fats, salts, minerals)
Waste products (CO2, lactic acid, urea)
Antibodies
Clotting proteins (called clotting factors)
Chemical messengers (hormones)
Proteins that help maintain body’s fluid balance
Blood—RBCs & Hemoglobin
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
Highly specialized cells that have been “stripped” of
everything, including nucleus
Major job: transporting oxygen
Percentage of RBCs in total blood volume called
hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Special red-colored molecule that fills RBCs
Picks up oxygen in areas where O2 is abundant and
releases O2 in tissues where O2 concentration
lowest
Blood—White Blood Cells
– 5 distinct kinds
• Neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils,
basophils
– Able to change according to need and situation in
body
– Can leave blood stream , sliding out through vessel
walls & attacking invaders at site of infections
Blood Vessels
Hollow tubes running throughout the body
5 types
Arteries
Arterioles
Veins
Venules
Capillaries
Provide 2 measurements:
Pulse
Blood pressure
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry
blood from the heart to
organs & cells
Muscular walls that allow
them to dilate or constrict
Arterioles: very small
arteries
Largest artery=aorta
Runs from chest into
abdomen
Receives blood directly
from left ventricle
Veins
• Largest vein=superior &
inferior vena cava
– Bring blood from upper
and lower body into
right atrium
• Venules: smallest veins
Capillaries
Tiny, microscopic blood
vessels that connect arteries
to veins
Responsible for transferring
oxygen and nutrients to cells
Wall so thin that O2 passes
from arterial blood through
them into cells in
organs/tissues
Waste products (CO2) pass
into capillaries to be carried
back by veins to heart/lungs
Activity
• Diagram and color Capillaries
• Vocabulary