Transcript Respiratory System Alveoli 7. Air enters lungs, main organs of

The Respiratory
System
May 23, 2013
pgs. 161-162
Know:
What does the respiratory system do for your body?
Use complete sentences.
Evidence
Drawings pg 569 and 573 color and captions
Clarifying ?s
Functions
respiration
Respiration
Process
Respiratory System
Information
1. Move oxygen from outside environment into body.
2. Removes carbon dioxide/H20 from body.
- Body moves oxygen from outside into the body, removes carbon
dioxide/water from the body. Can’t happen w/o
digestive/circulation systems
1. Air enters body by the nose or mouth.
2. Blood vessels heat the air as it enters the body.
3. Mucus produced to moisten the air, which keeps tissue from
drying out.
4. Breathing through nose allows nasal hair to remove irritants/
cilia removes dust and bacteria.
Clarifying ?s
Cilia
Respiratory System
Information
- tiny hair like extensions in the nostrils where dust and bacteria
are trapped
5. air enters a cavity at the back of the throat-- pharynx. The
pharynx has digestive/respiratory functions: provides
passageway to esophagus or trachea.
trachea
6. After air enters the trachea, it branches in two directions at the
bronchi. Each bronchus goes to a lung. The bronchi further
branch off into smaller bronchioles.
- the passageway to the lungs - AKA the windpipe
epiglottis
- a flap of tissue, blocks the trachea during swallowing, diverts
food to the esophagus
Clarifying ?s
Respiratory System
Information
7. Air enters lungs, main organs of respiratory system.
Alveoli
8. Air passageways continue to branch off smaller and smaller until
end with tiny clusters of air sacs-- alveoli. Respiratory/circulatory
systems mesh here.
-tiny air sacs of living tissue surrounded by capillaries where gas
exchange between CO2 & O2 takes place
9. Gas exchange in the lungs. O2 passes through alveoli and
capillary walls, then carried by red blood cells throughout body. At
the same time CO2 leaves the capillaries and enters the alveoli.
CO2 and H2O are removed from body by exhaling.
FYI - breathe out, expelling carbon dioxide and water. Cold day—
breath looks foggy b/c you see water in your breath
Page86
Clarifying ?s
Breathing
Mechanics
diaphragm
Speaking
Mechanics
Summary:
Respiratory System
Information
Diaphragm moves downward, enlarges chest cavity = low
pressure. Air outside rushes into lungs to fill low pressure area.
Diaphragm moves upward, reduces size of chest cavity, = high
pressure, forces air out lungs.
- large dome shaped muscle below the lungs-- the muscle that
aches when exercise too much - AKA “side aches.” Controls
breathing
air from lungs passes through larynx or vocal cords causing
vibrations. Vocal cords open/close create sound. Short, tight
vocal cords = high tones, long relaxed vocal cords = low tones.
Lips, tongue, and teeth are needed to create speech.
Clarifying ?s
Functions
The Body &
Oxygen
respiration
The air
Air Pathway
Information
1. Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body.
2. Expels carbon dioxide and water from the body.
Oxygen is required for the energy releasing chemical reactions
that take place in your cells. Energy is released to fuel growth
and other cell processes.
- Oxygen and glucose in the cells undergo a complex series of
chemical reactions. This requires the digestive system to absorb
glucose from food and the circulatory system to carry oxygen
from the lungs and the glucose from food into the cells.
The oxygen our bodies need comes from the gases in the
atmosphere (Approx. 21%=O2, 78%=N, 1%=other gases). The body
uses very little of the inhaled air and exhales the rest.
1. Air can enter the body by way of the nose or mouth. Blood
vessels heat the air as it enters the body. Mucus is produced to
moisten the air, which keeps tissue from drying out. Breathing
through the nose is beneficial because nasal hair removes
unwanted irritants and cilia removes dust and bacteria.
Page
Clarifying ?s
Cilia
trachea
epiglottis
Information
- tiny hair like extensions in the nostrils where dust and bacteria
are trapped
2. The air enters a cavity at the back of the throat called the
pharynx. The pharynx has both digestive and respiratory
functions: It provides a passageway to either the esophagus or
the trachea. The epiglottis diverts food to the esophagus.
- the passageway to the lungs - AKA the windpipe
- a flap of tissue that blocks the trachea during swallowing. It
diverts food to the esophagus and keeps food from going down
the “wrong pipe.”
FYI - Normally air goes to the lungs, but you can intentionally
“swallow” air, which will then make you burp. Normally, while
eating, food goes down your esophagus. If you talk or breathe
while swallowing, food can get into your trachea and you choke.
3. After the air enters the trachea, it branches in two directions at
the bronchi. Each bronchus goes to a lung. The bronchi further
branch off into smaller bronchioles.
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Clarifying ?s
Alveoli
Information
4. The air then enters the lungs, which are the main organs of the
respiratory system. There are two lungs - a right and a left.
5. The air passageways continue to branch off smaller and smaller
until they finally terminate with tiny clusters of air sacs called
alveoli. This is where the circulatory and respiratory systems mesh.
-tiny air sacs of living tissue surrounded by capillaries where gas
exchange between CO2 & O2 takes place (The alveoli resemble
super tiny clusters of grapes.)
6. Gas exchange takes place in the lungs. O2 passes through
alveoli and capillary walls, then is carried by red blood cells to
parts of the body. At the same time CO2 leaves the capillaries and
enters the alveoli. CO2 and H2O are then expelled from the body by
breathing it out.
FYI - When you breathe out, you are expelling carbon dioxide and
water. This is why your breath looks like a foggy mist on a really
cold day; you are seeing the water in your breath.
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Clarifying ?s
The mechanics
of breathing
diaphragm
The mechanics
of speaking
Information
Breathing is controlled by the diaphragm muscle. When the
diaphragm moves downward, this enlarges the chest cavity, which
causes low pressure. Air outside rushes into the lungs to fill this
low pressure area. When the diaphragm moves upward, this
reduces the size of the chest cavity. This creates high pressure,
which forces air out of the lungs.
- large dome shaped muscle below the lungs that assists in
breathing. This muscle can only be controlled consciously in
part; the autonomic nervous system has ultimate control over
the diaphragm. This is the muscle that aches when a person
exercises to much - AKA “side aches.”
As air rushes from the lungs, it passes through the larynx or
vocal cords causing vibrations. As the vocal cords open and
close they create sound. Short, tight vocal cords will create high
tones and long relaxed vocal cords will create low tones.
However, this is only part of speaking. The lips, tongue, and teeth
are needed to add the final touches. The end result - speech.
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