Transcript Heart and Lungs - Sheffield-Sheffield Lake City Schools Home

Heart and Lungs
Cardiovascular System (Heart)
Delivers essential materials to body cells and
removes waste materials from the cells.
Also known as the circulatory system.
Pulmonary System (Lungs)
The system that consists of the organs that
provide the body with a continuous supply
of oxygen and rid the body of carbon
dioxide.
What does the Circulatory
System transport?
1. Hormones: From the glands help to
regulate the body’s function
2. Oxygen: From the lungs is combined with
nutrients to make energy
3. Nutrients: From the digestive system
provides food for the cells
4. Immune Cells: Provide protection from
infection and disease
5. Waste: Byproducts of energy making
must be removed by liver and kidneys
6. Carbon Dioxide: Waste gas that is
removed by the lungs
Parts of the Circulatory System
• Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body
• Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart
• Veins: Carry blood to the heart
• Capillaries: Bring blood to the cells from
arteries / exchange gasses, nutrients, and
waste / take blood to the veins
The Heart
Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Pulmonary Vein
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
The Heart
The Blood
• The blood has 4 main components:
– Plasma: Liquid part of the blood, makes up
about 92 % of blood
• Transports blood cells, nutrients, hormones
and other materials
– Red Blood Cells: Carry oxygen to the cells and
carbon dioxide away
– White Blood Cells: Fight off disease and
infection by attacking bacteria and viruses that
enter the body
– Platelets: Help the blood clot which seals cuts
and prevents blood loss from a wound
Let’s Review!!!
In your notes write a test
question (multiple choice,
fill in the blank, short
answer) based on the
information we have
learned so far about the
circulatory system
Problem
Description
Treatment / Prevention
Hypertension (High
Blood Pressure)
Having a higher than
normal blood
pressure (110 / 70)
for a long time. Can
lead to heart attack,
stroke, and kidney
failure.
Reduce stress / change
in diet to reduce
salt, fat, and
cholesterol /
Medication
Stroke
Lack of blood flow to a
part of brain caused
by a clot or blocked
blood vessel. Will
cause death of brain
cells if clot stays in
place
Same as hypertension
Myocardial Infarction
(Heart Attack)
Lack of blood flow to a
part of the heart
caused by a clot or
blocked blood vessel.
Will cause death of
cardiac muscle and
can cause heart to
stop.
Same as hypertension
A hardening of the
artery wall caused by
a diet high in fat and
cholesterol
Same as hypertension
Arteriosclerosis
Anemia
Lack of red blood
cells or red blood
cells that do not carry
enough oxygen.
Causes low energy
levels and weakness.
Iron supplements
Mononucleosis
Viral infection
causing a soar throat,
swollen glands, and
extreme fatigue
Bed rest
Leukemia
Cancer of the blood or
bone marrow. The
body produces large
amounts of abnormal
white blood cells
Medication /
Radiation
Hemophilia
The blood does not
clot properly
resulting in excessive
sometimes
unstoppable bleeding.
Transfusion of bloodclotting factors
Mouth and Nose trap
dirt and clean the air.
Epiglottis: covers trachea
when swallowing
Larynx:
contains
vocal cords
Bronchi:
connect trachea
to lungs
Throat: has 2
passages, one for
food and one for
air
Trachea: Wind
pipe, takes air to
the lungs
Lungs:
Exchange
blood
gasses
Diaphragm:
Large muscle
that controls
breathing
Pulmonary
Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Capillary
Common Cold
Caused by a virus: cough,
runny nose, fever, aches
Rest and fluids
Tuberculosis
Bacterial lung infection: dry
cough and chest pain
Antibiotics
Allergies
Immune response to dust,
animals, pollen, or other
irritant. Sneezing, itchy
eyes, runny nose
Antihistamines
Pneumonia
Lung infection: fever, chest
pain, difficulty breathing
Antibiotics
Bronchitis
Swelling of the bronchi:
cough, fever, chest
tightness
Rest
Asthma
Swelling of the bronchi:
wheezing, shortness of
breath
Inhaler to reduce swelling
Emphysema
Destroyed alveoli: difficulty
breathing, often fatal
Oxygen mask to help
breathing
Lung Caner
Destroyed alveoli: often
caused by smoking
Surgery / transplant,
Radiation, Chemotherapy