Transcript Respiratory and Circulation Systems of the Human Body

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Human Respiratory System Diagram
Nasal
Passage
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Title Page
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchiole
Bronchi
Alveoli
Respiratory System created
Hi I am O2 ,you can call
me oxygen, and I will be your guide today.
I advise you keep all feet
and hands inside the ride at all times.
Oxygen Cell
JH
You may be asking, what is the
Respiratory system? Well, the
Respiratory system is the system that
helps you breath in and out, so
oxygen (02) can be pumped through
your body and carbon dioxide (CO2)
can be removed from the blood
stream. You must remember that the
Respiratory system is made up of
many different organs.
Respiratory Intro
JH
Nasal Passage
Where are we?
Here We Go!!!
Tongue
Pharynx
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood. JH
Picture Intro
Here is a overview picture of
the Respiratory System.
Just go to the next slide to see
it.
MB
Nasal
Cavity
Respiratory Overview
Nose
Picture
Throat
(pharynx)
Mouth
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Windpipe
(Trachea)
Left lungs
Ribs
Alveolus
Diaphragm
MB
Now we will begin our tour.
Welcome to…
Welcome
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The Nose and Mouth
This is where it all begins.
This is where the oxygen first
enters your body and also where
Carbon Dioxide leaves.
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The Nose and Mouth
When the air comes into your nose it gets
filtered by tiny hairs and it is moistened by the
mucus that is in your nose.
Your sinuses also help out with your
Respiratory System. They help to moisten
and heat the air that you breath.
Air can also get into your body through your
mouth/oral cavity but air is not filtered as
much when it enters in through your mouth.
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Nose and Mouth Picture
Nasal Cavity
Nostril
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Here is a picture of your nasal and
oral cavity.
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Where are
We?
Nasal Passage
We are here.
Tongue
Pharynx
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
MB
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
The Pharynx and Trachea
Next we will head down to your pharynx
(throat) and your trachea (windpipe).
This is where the air passes from your
nose to your bronchi tubes and lungs.
MB
The Pharynx and Trachea
Mouth
Pharynx
(Throat)
Trachea
Your pharynx (throat) gathers air after it passes
through your nose and then the air is passed down to
your trachea (windpipe).
Your trachea is held open by “incomplete rings
of cartilage.” Without these rings your trachea
might close off and air would not be able to get
to and from your lungs.
MB
Nasal Passage
Where are
We?
Tongue
Pharynx
We are here.
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
MB
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
The Bronchi Tubes and
Bronchiole Intro
Your trachea (windpipe) splits up into
two bronchi tubes. These two tubes keep
splitting up and form your bronchiole.
MB
The Bronchi Tubes and
Bronchiole
These bronchi tubes split up, like
tree branches, and get smaller and smaller
inside your lungs.
The air flows past your bronchi tubes
and into your bronchiole. These tubes
keep getting smaller and smaller until they
finally end with small air sacs (called alveoli).
But we will go there later…
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Alveoli and Bronchi Picture
Trachea
Bronchi Tubes
Bronchiole
Alveoli
MB
Nasal Passage
Where are
We?
Tongue
Pharynx
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
are here.
called We
capillaries
MB
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
The Alveoli and Capillary
Network
Now we will head over to the
alveoli and what happens when the
air finally makes it down there.
MB
The Alveoli and Capillary
Network
Your alveoli are tiny air sacs
that fill up with air/oxygen when you
breath in.
Your alveoli are surrounded by
many tiny blood vessels called
capillaries.
The walls of your alveoli (and capillaries) are
so thin that the oxygen or carbon dioxide can
pass through them, traveling right into, or
out of your blood stream.
MB
Alveoli Picture
Here is a close
up picture of
your Alveoli
and a Capillary
surrounding it.
Capillary
Wall of
the air
sac
Carbon
Dioxide is
dropped off
Oxygen is
picked up
Red Blood
Cell
MB
Nasal Passage
Where are
We?
Tongue
Pharynx
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
MB
We are here.
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
Alveolus
Bronchiole
Respiratory Bronchiole
Alveolar Duct
Alveolar Sac
Capillaries
JH
Looking at the Alveoli
Lets take a closer
look shall we.
JH
Red blood cell carrying Carbon dioxide
Chemicals
Chemical change is taking place in cell
Red blood cell carrying oxygen
Alveolus
Contiguous Basal Laminae (Membrane)
Capillary
JH
Oxygen
Diffusion
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen diffuses
through the
membrane into the
blood stream.
Carbon Dioxide
diffuses through the
membrane and
enters the alveolus.
Alveolus
Contiguous Basal Laminae (Membrane*)
Capillary
* A specialized thin layer of skin
that oxygen and carbon dioxide
can pass through.
JH
Cool pictures
JH
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Now we will look at the Diaphragm.
You might be wondering, what does the
Diaphragm do? The Diaphragm is an
important factor in breathing.
JH
Diagram of Diaphragm
JH
Here is an experiment that you
can try.
Diaphragm Experiment
JH
1st you need a bottle that you can sacrifice to
cut up.
2nd you cut the bottom of the bottle and put a big
balloon on the bottom.
Experiment Instructions
3rd get a rubber cork ( make sure it blocks the
hole)and put a hole through it ( top to bottom).
Insert a thin tube into the cork and place a balloon
on the bottom of the tube.
4th make sure the thing is airtight.
JH
CO2
Air Passing over the mucus
membrane of the nasal
cavity is moistened,
warmed, and filtered
Inside the lungs the
Bronchi branch into
small tubes called
bronchioles
The Pharynx, or throat, is
located where passages
from the nose and mouth
came together.
Respiratory Overview Review
At the end of the
bronchioles are
bunches of alveoli,
air sacs, arranged like
grapes on a stem
JH
If one lobe is injured or
diseased, the other lobes
may be able to function
normally
Air enters the
trachea, or wind pipe
which leads to and
from the lungs
The trachea divides into
two tubes called bronchi
Fun Facts
* At
rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute.
* The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
* The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour.
* The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court.
* The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to
end.
* We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor
we see when we breathe onto glass.
* A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.
* The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.
Key Words
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Respiratory System- The group of organs in your body that are responsible for
taking in Oxygen and breathing out the Carbon Dioxide which is the waste product
of cellular respiration.
Oxygen-The gas that your body needs to work and function.
Carbon Dioxide- The waste product (gas) that is produced through respiration of
people and animals.
Nose/Nasal Cavity- Where Oxygen first enters your body. Tiny hairs help filter the
air and air is moistened and heated by your nose. Your Nose leads into your Nasal
Cavity.
Mouth/Oral Cavity- Oxygen/air can also enter through your Mouth but it is not
filtered. Your Mouth opens up into your Oral Cavity.
Sinus- A cavity in the bones of your skull that helps moisten and heat the air that
you breath.
Pharynx/Throat- Gathers air from your Nasal and Oral Cavities and passes it to
your Trachea.
Trachea/Windpipe- A tube like pathway that connects your throat to your Bronchi
Tubes and lungs. Air passes through it when it travels from the Pharynx to the
Bronchi Tubes.
Key Words Cont.
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Bronchi Tubes- Each tube (one per lung) splits up into many smaller tubes called
Bronchiole, like branches on a tree.
Bronchiole- Keep splitting up until they reach your Alveoli.
Respiratory Bronchiole- The air-tubes that are actually connected to the Alveoli.
Alveolar Duct- The final tube, which is part of the Alveoli, that leads to the airsacs.
Alveolar Sac- Where the chemical change takes place and where blood cells pick
up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide.
Alveoli- Tiny air-sacs at the end of your Alveolar Duct. They fill up with Oxygen
and are surrounded by Capillaries.
Capillaries- Tiny blood streams (around one cell wide) that surround your Alveoli.
They take Oxygen out of our Lungs and replace it with Carbon Dioxide, which you
later breath out.
Diaphragm- The muscle membrane that helps you breath in and out by changing
the pressure in your chest cavity.
Works Cited
For more information please visit:
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http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/flash/body/pg000138.html
-Why do you need to breathe? And basic info on parts of the Respiratory system
http://www.lung.ca/children/grades7_12/respiratory/index.html
-An overview of the parts of Respiratory System
http://www4.tpgi.com.au/users/amcgann/body/respiratory.html
-A basic look at the Respiratory System
http://www4.tpgi.com.au/users/amcgann/body/respiratory_facts.html
-Fun Facts
http://users.pandora.be/educypedia/education/respiratory.htm
-Very detailed info and some animation-Has many other body systems too
http://www.bioedonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?tk=5&pg=2S
-Web slides with a little info and good pictures
www.geocities.com/medinotes/nasal_cavity.htm
-The Nose and Nasal Cavity
Human anatomy coloring book
Works Cited Cont.
Where we got some of our pictures:
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/img/pe01021.gif
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/respiratorylungs.gif
http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Re
sp/Images/respstructures.jpg
http://www.cancersa.org.au/files/1/2/17/226/airwaysfullylabelled.jpg
http://www.researchmatters.harvard.edu/photos/645.jpg
http://www4.tpgi.com.au/users/amcgann/body/respiratory.html
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/humanrespiratory8.jpg
Prepare Your Cranium For The Further Insertion
of
Knowledge
Title Page
Circulatory System Created by
Caltex American School Duri, Indonesia
Introduction
• The Circulatory System is the
main cooling and transportation
system for the human body
• The body has about 5 liters of
blood continuously traveling
through it by way of the
Circulatory System
• In the Circulatory System, the
heart, lungs, and blood vessels
have to work together
• The Circulatory System has
three different parts: pulmonary
circulation (lungs), coronary
circulation (heart), and systemic
circulation, (the rest of the
system’s processes).
This organ is what pumps
oxygen rich blood, nutrients,
hormones, and the other things
your body needs to maintain
your health, to your organs and
(Superior Vena Cava)
tissues.
From the Body
The Heart
Pulmonary Artery
(Aortic Artery) To the body
The pulmonary veins you see
on the right side of the diagram
come from your lungs, where
the blood cells collect oxygen.
It’s then pumped out to the rest
of the body through the Aorta
(Top).
All of the blue sections show
blood cells carrying waste,
(C02) moving back to the lungs
(where the C02 will be replaced
by oxygen) through the
Pulmonary Artery (Top, blue)
By The Way…
Pulmonary Veins
Valves: (tricuspid valve semilunar
(pulmonary) valve, bicuspid (mitral)
valve, and the semilunar (aortic) valve
(Inferior Vena Cava)
From the Body
Whenever the blood is pumped from
one section of the heart another a
valve closes behind it preventing the
blood from moving backwards.
Blood Flow through Heart
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Blood from the body travels into the
right atrium, moves into the right
ventricle, and is finally pushed into
lungs in the pulmonary arteries
The blood then picks up oxygen and
travels back to the heart into the left
atrium through the pulmonary veins
The blood then travels through the to
the Left Ventricle and exits to the
body through the Aorta…
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Blood Flow to Arms
• Oxygen rich blood leaves
the heart and travels through
arteries
• In the capillaries the oxygen
and food is given to the
body’s cells
• The blood finally travels
back through veins to the
heart to pick up oxygen
ARTERIES- FROM HEART
CAPILLARIES
VEINS- TO HEART
Path to the Exchange
Pulmonary Vein
Aorta
Brachial Artery
Renal Artery
Redial Artery
Ulnar Artery
Iliac Artery
A red blood cell
then travels
from the heart
through arteries
that eventually
branch into the
body’s vast
system of
capillaries
(microscopic
blood vessels
which connect
arteries and
veins), they
eventually lead
to…
The Exchange
TRANSACT
When the itty bitty teeny tiny red blood cells pass
the desired tissue they……………………………….
Oxy-Rich Blood Cell
The oxygen the blood cells
are carrying is given to the
body’s tissue.
And the CO2
(waste) from
the tissue is
given to the
same blood
cell to be
exhaled.
How It Works…
Tissue
Tissue
Oxy-Poor Blood Cell
Technically the Hemoglobin in the blood (a substance full of iron) attracts
oxygen from the lungs. The red blood cell then carries it to the desired
tissue. Because this tissue has a high CO2 count the hemoglobin lets go of
its oxygen and collects the carbon dioxide. You see the hemoglobin has an
affinity for whichever gas has a greater count. Because the tissue has a
large amount of built up waste (CO2) the hemoglobin attracts it and then
replaces it with oxygen, and vise versa in the lungs.
Now lets travel to the legs!!!
Blood Flow to Legs
!FUN FACT!
• Approximately 500 ml of blood
moves from the heart and lungs
down to the legs when a person
stands up after lying down
• The oxygen rich blood cells
then travel through the
capillaries where yet another…
Gas Exchange Occurs,
The oxygen and CO2 are exchanged…in the
cells
Oxygen Rich
Tissue
Don’t forget that the
Hemoglobin in the
blood cells let go of
the cell’s oxygen
because of the large
CO2 (waste) count
in the tissue.
Oxygen Poor
Oxygen Rich
Oxygen Poor
Circulation back to Heart
To upper body
From upper
body
To lung
To lung
From lung
From
lung
Right
Atrium
Left
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle
From lower
body
To lower body
• Capillaries carry the blood
to…
• Venules that connect to veins and
the…
• Veins (wide blood vessels) carries
the oxygen-poor blood back to
the heart.
Conclusion
As you have learned (Hopefully) the Circulatory
System is one of the most important
systems in the human body…
It is the
only
reason
you’re
still
alive
today…
and you can
attribute the
cooling down,
feeding of and
protection of your
body to it.
So the next time you bust open
your leg skateboarding you
can thank your Circulatory
System for patching you up.
Works Cited
For further information please visit:
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http://www.carolguze.com/images/organsystems/circulatory2.jpg -circulation picture
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Circulation2.html -how circulatory system
works
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http://www.medical-art-service.de/assets/images/3_KA_704.jpg -Heart and Leg Pictures
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/images/446/circulationgeneral.gif -circulation picture
http://eduserv.hscer.washington.edu/hubio553/atlas/232.html -arm picture
http://adam.about.com/encyclopedia/19387.html -heart picture
http://www.tmc.edu/thi/anatomy1.html -detailed views of the Cardiovascular System
http://www.tmc.edu/thi/leg.jpg -complex leg picture
http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/wha/circ.gif- diagram of the circulatory system
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www4.tpgi.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory/bod
y_circulation.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www4.tpgi.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html&h=369&w
=300&sz=23&tbnid=rSdZ_CMJpBYJ:&tbnh=117&tbnw=95&start=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcircul
atory%2Bsystem%26start%3D120%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3D -picture of
heart valves
http://eduserv.hscer.washington.edu/hubio553/atlas/232.html -basic picture of arteries
The End
So Take a Deep Breath and
Go Home