Transcript Respiratory System

Respiratory System
Respiratory Tract
• Conducting passageways carrying air to and from the alveoli
– __________ respiratory passages filter and humidify incoming air
• Nasal Cavity
• Larynx
• Pharynx
– Nasopharynx
– Oropharynx
– Laryngopharynx
– __________ respiratory passages include delicate conduction passages
and alveolar exchange surfaces
• Trachea
• Lungs
–
–
–
–
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Pathway
nasal cavities (or oral cavity) → pharynx → trachea → primary bronchi (right & left) →
secondary bronchi → tertiary bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
Nasal Cavity/Nose
• Functions
–
–
–
–
–
Provides an airway for respiration
Moistens and warms entering air
Filters and cleans inspired air
Resonating chamber for speech
Detects odors in the airstream
• Selected anatomical features
– ________________ (guard hairs) – stiff hairs that filter large particles from the air
– Nasal ________– hair-like projections that propel trapped particles towards the
throat for digestion by digestive enzymes
– Rich supply of capillaries warm the inspired air
– Nasal ______________ – folds in the mucous membrane that increase air
turbulence and ensures that most air contacts the mucous membranes
– Olfactory mucosa – mucous membranes that contain smell receptors
– ___________________ mucosa – pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
containing goblet cells that secrete mucus
» Mucus
» Stickiness traps inhaled particles
» Lysozyme kills bacteria
– Lymphocytes and IgA antibodies protect against bacteria
Paranasal Sinuses
Upper Respiratory
Three regions of the pharynx
•______pharynx – air
passage (pseudostratified
columnar epithelium)
•______ pharynx –
passageway for air, food,
and drink (stratified
squamous epithelium)
•______ pharynx –
passageway for air, food,
and drink (stratified
squamous epithelium)
Functions
1. Keeps food and drink out of the airway
2. Sound production
3. Acts as a sphincter during abdominal
straining (ex. during defecation and
heavy lifting)
Selected anatomical features
•Nine c-rings of ________ cartilage form the
framework of the larynx
•Muscular walls aid in _______ production and
the swallowing reflex
•Glottis – the superior opening of the larynx
•____________ – prevents food and drink
from entering airway when swallowing
•False vocal cords – aid in _____ the glottis
when swallowing
•True vocal cords – produce ______when air
passes between them
•The shorter and thinner these
membranes are, the faster air moves over
them – produces high pitched sounds
•The longer and thicker these membranes
are, the slower air moves over them –
produces low pitched sounds
Larynx
Trachea
•
Functions
1. Air passageway
2. Cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air
3. Selected anatomical features
•
Rings of hyaline cartilage – reinforce the trachea and
keep it from collapsing when you inhale
•
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium – traps inhaled
debris and propels mucus up to the pharynx where it is
swallowed
Bronchi
•Function - Solely an air passageway
•Selected anatomical features
•Left and right primary bronchi
•branch off from trachea
•Once the left and right primary
bronchi enter the lungs they are subdivided into smaller tubes:
Secondary bronchi (one for each lobe) → tertiary bronchi →
bronchioles → terminal bronchioles → respiratory bronchioles
→ alveolar ducts → alveolar sacs
•Alveolar sacs are clusters of alveoli
--Alveoli are the site of _______ _______________
--________________prevents from collapsing due to
tension
--Smooth muscle rings aid in resistance to air flow
-- Elastic connective tissue fibers aid in expelling
air from the lungs
Lung Anatomy
Visceral pleura