Transcript Chapter 12 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health

Chapter 12
Cardiovascular and
Respiratory Health
Your Cardiovascular
System
Chapter 12 Section 1
Main Parts of the Cardiovascular System
Functions of the
Cardiovascular system
Delivering Materials
For example: Blood
picks up glucose from
the digestive system
and takes it to the
cells for energy.
It also delivers oxygen
to the cells.
Removing Wastes
Blood picks up the waste products in your cells and
transports them out of the body. For example: carbon
dioxide that is made from the cell using glucose is
transported to lungs where it is exhaled.
Fighting Disease
Blood contains cells that fight off disease; it also has
properties that seal cuts to prevent blood loss and blood
contamination.
Structure of the Heart
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The heart is divided into
right and left sides.
Each side has an upper
chamber (atrium) and lower
chamber (ventricle).
Atria receive blood
Ventricles pump blood out
Valves separate the two and
allow the blood to flow one
way.
What Makes Your Heart Beat?
A small group of cells in the wall of the right
atrium called the sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
receives a signal from the brain to increase or
decrease your heartbeat.
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What Kind of neurons do you think are in
these group of cells?
• After the atrium fills with blood, it pumps the
blood to ventricle; that’s the first beat.
• After the ventricle fills with blood, it pumps the
blood to the body; that’s the second beat.
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Blood Vessels
1.
Arteries- blood vessels that
carry blood away from the
heart.
2.
Capillaries- branch from
the smallest arteries and are the
smallest blood vessels. Play a
huge role in that capillaries
allow O2 and dissolved
nutrients to pass through
capillary walls into the body’s
cells as well as pick up waste
CO2.
3.
Veins- Blood flows from the
capillaries to the veins and the
veins transport the blood back
to the heart.
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure- the force with which blood
pushes against the walls of your blood vessels.
Systolic pressure- pressure on arteries when
ventricles contract; the top number in blood
pressure reading
Diastolic pressure- pressure on arteries when
ventricles are relaxed; the bottom number in a
blood pressure reading.
Example: 120/80; 120= systolic 80= diastolic
Blood Pressure
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Normal Blood Pressure90/60 – 119/79
Low Blood Pressure<90/60 generally not a
problem unless organs
are not getting enough
oxygen.
High Blood Pressure120/80 – 139/89
prehypertensive
140/90 or higher
hypertensive
Blood
Average adult has 4-6 quarts of blood.
• Blood is made of four components.
1. Plasma-liquid component of blood; 55% of blood. Carries
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nutrients, hormones, & salts to the cells, and wastes to the kidneys.
2. Red Blood Cells-carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts
of your body.
3. White Blood Cells- help protect you against diseases and
foreign substances.
4. Platelets- cells fragments that stick to the edges of a cut and
release clotting factors to eventually form a scab.
Blood Types
Transfusions
Refer to page 298
Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How many chambers make up the human
heart?
There are three types of blood vessels, arteries,
veins, and ____________.
There are four components of blood name two.
Name two functions of the cardiovascular
system.
A small group of cells in the wall of the right
atrium that regulates the heart beat is called
the _____________.
Cardiovascular Health
Chapter 12 Section 2
Pages 299-305
Cardiovascular Diseases
These lifelong diseases are the leading causes of death in
the U.S. Hypertension and high cholesterol are 2 factors
that increase your risk for heart attack and stroke. BOTH
FACTORS MAY BEGIN IN YOUR TEENS!
Hypertension
Damages blood
vessels walls due to
increase force of
blood.
• Heart must work
overtime to supply
adequate blood to the
body.
• Called the “silent
killer” affects 1/3 of
people
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Blood Cholesterol
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Produced naturally in the body; also found
in animal products we consume.
Cholesterol is transported by lipoproteins.
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)- bad
cholesterol
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)- good
cholesterol
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) vs.
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
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LDL carries
cholesterol to be stored in
body tissue for use and
storage. Bad cholesterol
because it leads to plaque
build up and eventually
atherosclerosis, a
hardening & thickening of
an artery.
HDL picks up excess
cholesterol from the
tissues and arteries and
transports it to the liver
to be metabolized .
Heart Attack and Stroke
When a blood clot
cannot pass through a
narrowed artery
because of
atherosclerosis, it cuts
off the blood flow in
an artery. If the artery
leads to the heart
(heart attack) or if the
artery leads to the
brain (stroke).
Other Cardiovascular Disorders
Heart Murmur- 50% of children are diagnosed with
a heart murmur. It is an extra sound in the lub dub of
the heart beat. Seldom is it a problem.
Hole in the heart- hole in the wall separating the
two atria. Usually closes after birth.
Arrhythmia- irregular heart beat often times it is
normal, but may be a sign of a faulty pacemaker
Keeping Healthy
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3.
Exercise regularly
Eat healthy
Avoid smoking
Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
True or False: HDL is the good cholesterol.
True or False: LDL adds to plaque in the artery
walls.
True or False: Hypertension and High Cholesterol
are 2 factors that increase your risk of heart attack
and stroke.
True or False: An arrhythmia is an irregular
heartbeat.
True or False: When you exercise the heart muscles
strengthen, allowing more blood to be pumped with
each heart beat.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Is the ability of your heart,
blood vessels, and lungs to
deliver oxygen and nutrients
to your body.
When you are active your
heart and lungs must be able
to supply your body with the
oxygen it needs.
How do you improve
your cardiorespiratory
fitness?
Test your cardiorespiratory fitness.
Walk or Run 1 mile
Male:
14yr. old 7:45
15-18yr. old 7:30
Female:
14yr. old 10:30
15-18yr old 10:30
*Times for average fitness levels
would be less than those listed.
Calculate your target heart rate.
Subtract your age from
220 Maximum heart
rate (MHR)
2. Multiply your MHR
by .6 and then again by
.8 round to the nearest
whole number.
3. Then you have your
target heart rate zone.
1.
Choose an exercise program.
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
Chapter 12 Section 3
Page 306
Components of the Respiratory
System
Nasal Cavity
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs
• Alveoli
• Diaphragm
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Nasal Cavity
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Designed to filter
out air
contaminants
Lined with hair
and mucus
Moisture in cavity
helps to prevent
lungs from drying
out
Larynx (voice box)
Made of cartilage
• Contains vocal
cords
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Trachea
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Made of Cshaped rings of
cartilage
Tiny cilia and
mucus protect
against
pollutants
Bronchi
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In the chest, the
Trachea divides
into two bronchi
Smallest
passageways are
called
bronchioles,
which end in
clusters of alveoli
Alveoli
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Tiny air sacs
containing a
network of
capillaries
O2 and CO2
DIFFUSE across
membrane
O2 carried by
hemoglobin in red
blood cells
Mechanics of Breathing
Two major actions:
• Inhalation- when • Exhalation- when
air is pulled into
lungs
air is pushed out of
lungs
Diaphragm
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Causes breathing actions
to occur
Located at bottom of rib
cage
When contracted, it
moves down causing air
to be pulled into the lungs
When relaxed, air is
pushed out of the lungs
Quiz
1.
True or False: The diaphragm pushes down when
you exhale.
2.
True or False: Alveoli are tiny air sacks in the
trachea.
3.
4.
5.
True or False: Air is filtered in the mouth better than
in the nasal cavity.
True or False: Gas exchange takes place in the
bronchus.
True or False: The respiratory system is responsible
for bringing oxygen from outside the body into the
lungs and removing carbon dioxide from the body.