Transcript The Heart

 Pulmonary:
refers to the right side of the heart
which pumps blood to the lungs
 Systemic:
refers to the left side of the heart,
which send blood to all systems of the body
 Atria:
the top two of the four chambers of the
heart. The atria receives blood from the veins and
forces it into the ventricles.
 Ventricles:
 Septum:
the two bottom chambers of the heart
the wall of muscle separating the right
and left chambers of the heart
 Aorta:
the large artery that carries blood from the
heart to be distributed throughout the body
 Coronary
arteries: the small blood vessels that
supply blood to the heart
 Arteries:
the blood vessels that move blood
away from the heart
 Veins:
the blood vessels that move blood
from the outer parts of the body back to the
heart
 Capillaries:
the smallest of the body’s blood
vessels, which carry oxygen and nutrients to
the body cells and pick up waste products
and serve as bridges between the arteries
and veins
 Systolic
Pressure: the highest force exerted
by the blood against the arterial wall
 Systole: the contraction or squeezing
process of the heart whereby blood is forced
from the heart’s chamber to circulate
throughout the body
 Diastolic
Pressure: the blood pressure between
beats when the heart is relaxed
 Diastole:
the relaxed phase of the heart’s
contraction during which the hear chambers are
filled with blood
 Hypertension:
when the blood pressure is usually
higher than normal, exceeding 140/90
 Being
overweight
 Too much alcohol
 Too much sodium
 Too little calcium and potassium
 Smoking
 Race [especially African-American]
 Family history
 Plasma:
the fluid part of blood
 Platelets:
helps to stop the flow of blood
when an injury occurs
 Red
Blood Cells: the blood cells that
transport hemoglobin and oxygen from the
lungs to all body parts
 Hemoglobin:
the part of the red blood cell that
contains iron and gives the cell its color
 Anemia:
a condition which occurs when the blood
does not have enough red blood cells or the cells
don not contain enough hemoglobin
 White
Blood Cells: the blood cells that defend the
body against infection
 Respiration:
the exchange of gases between the
lungs and the environment
 Diaphragm:
the muscle separating the chest and
abdominal cavity
 Trachea:
the windpipe
 Bronchi:
one of two tubes through which air travels
from the trachea to the lungs
 Bronchiole:
the smaller branches of the bronchi
through which air travels to the lungs
 Alveoli:
tiny air sacs in the lungs
 Aerobic
Exercise: continuous exercise using
large muscle groups that keeps the heart
rate in the target zone
 Anaerobic
Exercise: exercise which is so
intense the body cannot supply the amount
of oxygen needed during the workout
 Increase
in cardiorespiratory fitness
 Decrease in blood pressure
 Lower blood lipids
 Increase in HDL –good cholesterol
 Decrease in body fat
 Increase in ability to handle stress
 Help in preventing or controlling diabetes
 Plaque:
buildup of fatty deposits inside the
coronary arteries
 Atherosclerosis:
the buildup and narrowing on the
inside of arterial walls
 Stroke:
occurs when the blood supply is cut off to a
part of the brain
 Cholesterol:
a waxy, fatty-like material used by the
body in a variety of chemical processes
 Triglycerides:
the blood
fatty particles that transport fat in
 Numbness
 Feeling
 Loss
or weakness on one side of the body
dizzy or falling for no reason
of speech or memory
 Temporary
problem with vision in one eye
Heredity
Age
Gender
 Blood
 LDL-
Lipids
the bad cholesterol
 Triglycerides
 Improving
 Lack
your blood lipid levels
of physical activity
 Obesity
 Diabetes
 Smoking
 Stress
 the
ability to perform moderate to
high intensity exercise using the large
muscles of your body for a prolonged
period of time.
 Creates
a stronger heart muscle which pumps
more blood with each beat and has a longer
rest phase in each cycle, resulting in a lower
heat rate
 Increases number of red blood cells
 Increases amount of hemoglobin
 Lowers blood pressure
 Produces
more efficient breathing by increasing the
amount of air with each breath, resulting in fewer
breaths per minute
 Increases the amount of oxygen taken from the air
that enters the body
 Produces more efficient removal of carbon dioxide
and other waste products from the body
Overload
Principle
Principle of
Progression
Principle of
Specificity
The most desirable rate at
which to heart should be
beating to achieve a
cardiorespiratory
training effect
220
- age
=Maximum HR
-Resting HR
=Trainable HR reserve
x .60
or x .85
=lower limit
THR zone
=upper limit
THR zone
If
you can sing or talk
while you exercise, you
are exercising at a safe
level
 Rate
of Perceived Exertion: the assessment
of the intensity of a workout compared to
how you feel
 Recovery
Heart Rate: a measurement after
strenuous exercise indicating the rate at
which the heart beat returns to normal
 The
HR gradually increases from the
resting HR
 The temperature within the muscles
increases
 Chances of muscle soreness and injury
are reduced
 Follow
the guidelines for your warmup, exercise
session and cool down
 Observe the correct techniques for the specific
exercises
 Remember the safety precautions regarding
clothing and weather conditions
 Keep in mind that overtraining can be harmful
 Walking
*Strolling
*Fitness Walking
*Racewalking
*Waterwalking
 Jogging
 Interval
 Cycling
Training
 Rope
Jumping
 Water Activities
*Water Exercises
*Lap Swimming
 Aerobic Exercise to Music
*Low Impact Aerobics
*Step Aerobics
 Inline
Skating
 Spinning
 Rowing
 Team Sports
Notebook #3: Due
next class