Transcript Blood Typing

Blood Typing Lab
Background Information
Blood
• Blood transports everything that must be
carried from one place to another within the
body- nutrients, wastes, and body heat.
• It is the only fluid tissue, with both solid and
liquid components.
Blood
• Blood is approximately 55% plasma and 45%
cells
• Plasma: is water, salts and proteins.
• Cells:
1. Red Blood Cells – contains hemoglobin which allows
these cells to carry oxygen.
2. White Blood Cells – provide a defense mechanism
against invaders in the body.
3. Platelets- allow the blood to clot
Plasma
• Plasma is approximately 90% water and makes
up the liquid part of the blood.
• Over 100 different substances are dissolved in
the plasma.
• Nutrients, salts, respiratory gasses, hormones,
proteins, wastes and products of cell
metabolism.
Erythrocytes
• Red blood cells contain no nucleus and are
basically sacs of hemoglobin.
• Hemoglobin is an iron containing protein that
allows the RBC to transport oxygen.
• White blood cells are less numerous than RBC
and contain nuclei and the other usual
organelles.
• They can slip in and out of capillaries and
locate areas of tissue damage and infection in
the body by responding to certain chemicals
that diffuse from damaged cells.
Platelets
• Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells
called megakaryocytes that rupture releasing
thousands of pieces that quickly seal
themselves off from surrounding fluids.
Blood Cell Formation
Rate of RBC Production
Fluid Mosaic Model
Fluid Mosaic Model
• The cell membrane of red blood cells, like
other cells, has molecules that project from
it’s surface. Some of these molecules function
as identification badges. They allow the
immune system to recognize the cell as a
normal component of an individuals body.
Antigens and Antibodies
• Acting as the body's army, antibodies are
proteins generally found in the blood that
detect and destroy invaders, like bacteria and
viruses.
Antigens and Antibodies
• Molecules which are recognized as foreign by
the immune system and trigger an immune
response are called antigens. The immune
system attacks these antigens and attempts to
destroy them and the cells that carry them.
Blood Typing
• Type A blood has the A antigen on the red blood
cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
• Type B blood has the B antigen on the red blood
cells and the anti-A antibodies in the plasma
• Type AB blood has both antigens on the red
blood cells and no antibodies in the plasma.
• Type O blood has no has neither A nor B antigens
on the cells and has both antibodies in the
plasma.
Blood Typing
• Another antigen found on the surface of red
blood cells is the Rh factor. Blood with the Rh
factor is said to be Rh+. Blood with out the Rh
factor is Rh-