Transcript Immune System - Garnet Valley School District

Immune System
Figure 43.1 An overview of the body's defenses
Innate Immunity (faster response)
Adaptive Immunity
(slower response)
N
Non-specific Immunity (Innate)
• Mucous membranes (lysozyme)
• Low pH
• Phagocytic Cells:
– Neutrophils (in blood, destroy infected cells)
– Macrophages: migrate, organs, tissues, eat pathogens
– Dendritic Cells: in tissues, stimulate specific immun.
• Eosinophils: defend against parasitic worms
• Natural Killer Cells: target virus-infected cells
and cancerous cells
Non-specific continued…..
• Interferon – produced by virus-infected
cells; nearby cells stimulated to stop viral
replication.
• Complement system
– proteins that circulate
– Recognize invaders
– Cascade of chemicals result in lysis of pathogen
Figure 43.17 The classical complement pathway, resulting in lysis of a target cell
Complement System Animation
Non-specific continued…..
• Inflammatory response:
– Result of injury
– Mast cells in tissues release histamine
• Blood vessel dilation
– Cytokines released by macrophages and
nuetrophils: promotes blood flow (bv dialation also)
• Results in more cells coming to the area for help
• Swelling (edema)
Figure 43.5 A simplified view of the inflammatory response
Figure 43.4 The human lymphatic system
Figure 43.8 The development of lymphocytes
Figure 43.6 Clonal selection
Figure 43.9 The interaction of T cells with MHC molecules
Helper T Activation Animation
Figure 43.7 Immunological memory
Figure 43.10 An overview of the immune responses (Layer 1)
Figure 43.10 An overview of the immune responses (Layer 2)
Figure 43.10 An overview of the immune responses (Layer 3)
Figure 43.10 An overview of the immune responses (Layer 4)
Connective Tissue
AF – Mast cells
IF – Fibroblasts
EF – Elastic Fibers
Figure 43.0 Specialized lymphocytes attacking a cancer cell
Figure 43.2 First-line respiratory defenses
Figure 43.3 Phagocytosis by a macrophage
Figure 43.3x Macrophage
Figure 43.x1 Anabaena phagocytosed by a human neutrophil
Figure 43.8x B lymphocyte
Figure 43.11 The central role of helper T cells: a closer look
Figure 43.12a The functioning of cytotoxic T cells
Figure 43.12b A cytotoxic T cell has lysed a cancer cell
Figure 43.13 Humoral response to a T-dependent antigen (Layer 1)
Figure 43.13 Humoral response to a T-dependent antigen (Layer 2)
Figure 43.13 Humoral response to a T-dependent antigen (Layer 3)
Figure 43.14 Epitopes (antigenic determinants)
Figure 43.15c Antibody molecule
Figure 43.16 Effector mechanisms of humoral immunity
Figure 43.x2 Vaccination
Figure 43.x3 X-ray of hands with arthritis
Figure 43.18 Mast cells, IgE, and the allergic response
Figure 43.x4 Alternaria spores, a cause of allergies in humans
Figure 43.19 A T cell infected with HIV
Figure 43.19x1 HIV on a lymphocyte, detail
Figure 43.19x2 HIV budding
Figure 43.19x2a T cell infected with HIV
Figure 43.19x2b Detail of HIV on lymphocyte
Figure 43.20 The stages of HIV infection
Figure 43.x5 AIDS posters