Transcript What you will learn today . . .

Explain each character’s “role” in
the following video . . .
Body Story: Body Snatchers
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Nostril Hairs
Mucus
Spiky Virus (Influenza B)
Natural Killer Cells
Macrophages
Cilia
Interleukins
Fever
Dendritic Cells
T Cells
B Cells
Lymph Glands/Nodes
Antibodies
Memory Cells
What you will learn today . . .
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Specific immune responses target certain
pathogens and involve white blood cells
Humoral immunity is the activation of B cells to
produce antibodies
Cell-mediated immunity is the activation of T
cells to produce more B cells or killer T cells
Memory cells are the body’s way of quickly
stopping a reinfection of pathogen
The Immune System
Specific Defenses
Function of the Immune System
• To fight off invading
pathogens and
prevent the growth of
cancers
Organs of the Immune System
1. Bone marrow that produces B cells
2. Thymus gland that produces T cells
3. Lymph Nodes
4. Tonsils
5. Adenoids
6. Spleen to break down dead cells; often
called “Cell Graveyard”
White Blood Cells
1. Also called lymphocytes or leukocytes
2. Types
a. T cells
b. B cells
3. Dendritic cells: a type of macrophage that
recognizes and tags foreign cells as antigens;
antigens are labeled differently than your own
cells
Dendritic Cells:Up Close and
Personal
Dendritic cells engulfing
pathogen
Two types of Immunity
1. Cell-mediated
2. Humoral
3. Both immunities start with a dendritic
cells engulfing the antigen, destroying the
antigen, and then placing a piece of the
antigen on its surface; this LABELS the
macrophage with which antigen has
attacked the body
Cell-Mediated Immune Response
1. Helper T cell recognizes the labeled
dendritic cell and both release interleukin
2. Interleukin stimulates helper T cells, killer
T cells, and suppressor T cells to rapidly
divide within lymph nodes
3. T cells attack and kill all cells that have
the antigen
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Humoral Immune Response
1. Interleukin stimulates B cells to divide
into plasma cells
2. Plasma cells produce ANTIBODIES
3. Antibodies inactivate the antigen or mark
its destruction by macrophages
4. Memory cells remain in the body to
prevent reinfection by the same antigen
Humoral Immunity
How antibodies work…
Immunity
• People who are immune to a disease have
either survived through the disease or
have been given a vaccination
Allergies
1. Body sees harmless substances as
antigens
2. Excessive release of histamines
3. Refer to “Body Story”
Autoimmune Disease
• Body attacks own
cells as antigens
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Pernicious anemia
Addison's disease
Type I diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Dermatomyositis
Sjogren syndrome
Lupus erythematosus
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Reactive arthritis
Grave's disease
Celiac disease - sprue
References
• http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/develimmune.gif
• http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/neutro
phil.jpg