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Biotechnology Review What are 2 CONS about biotechnology? •Unpredictable side affect •High prices •Biological weapons •Food allergens GMO’s are also called ________ •Transgenic organisms True or False: Labeling of genetically modified foods can best be described as voluntary •TRUE List 2 examples of transgenic PLANTS •Golden rice •Round up ready corn/soybeans •Venomous cabbage •Banana vaccine What animal was the first to be cloned? •A Sheep When are stem cells extracted •5 days after zygote starts dividing The mapping and sequencing of all the genes in the human genome that was completed in 2003 is known as the ____ •Human Genome Project (HGP) Fragments of DNA that has been cut with restriction enzymes & have unpaired nucleotides at the ends are called _____________ •Sticky Ends ______enzymes cut specific sequences of DNA •Restriction __________is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell •Genome _________DNA refers to the DNA from the two different organisms •Recombinant What enzyme chemically links (bonds) DNA fragments together? •DNA Ligase _______ is a DNA molecule used to carry a gene of interest from one organism to another •Vector The process of rejoining cut fragments of DNA is called __________. •Gene splicing A __________ is a small ring of DNA in a bacterium •plasmid When a "normal" gene is inserted into the genome to replace an "abnormal," disease-causing gene, this is called __________ •Gene therapy What are 2 PROS about biotechnology? •Environmentally friendly products •Possible cures for diseases •New vaccines & medicines •Bigger livestock What is the process of creating genetically IDENTICAL copies of DNA/organisms called? •Cloning _______ are cells used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body. •Stem cells ______ are organisms with artificially altered DNA; also called transgenic organisms •Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) What was the name of the first cloned organism? •Dolly How many restriction enzymes are needed to make recombinant DNA? •1 Foods that contain an added gene sequence; foods that have a deleted gene sequence; animal products from animals fed GM feed; products produced by GM organisms are all considered ___________ •Genetically modified foods _______ are organisms that contain functional recombinant DNA •Transgenic organisms List 1 PRO about genetically modified FOODS. • Reduced use of chemical pesticides • Less runoff of chemicals into waterways • Greater use of farming practices that prevent soil erosion • Higher profits for farmers • Less fungal contamination • More nutritious foods • Easing of world hunger • Improved crop quality What are the 2 most commonly used vector? •Plasmids, Viruses Provide an example of how humans have used selective breeding. •Dog Breeds •Cat Breeds •Horse Breeds List 2 examples of transgenic ANIMALS •Glow fish •Fast-Growing salmon •Enviro-Pig •Less Flatulent Cows List a risk factor associated with gene therapy. •Unwanted immune response •Targeting wrong cells •Infection caused by viruses •Cause tumors True or False: The Food and Drug Administration has approved human gene therapy products for sale? •FALSE List 1 CON about genetically modified FOODS. • Insects might develop resistance to pesticide-producing GM crops • Herbicide-tolerant crops may crosspollinate weeds, resulting in “super weeds” • Soil is being saturated with toxins • Certain gene products may be allergens • Unintended harm to wildlife and beneficial insects _____________ is the process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations. •Selective Breeding