Transcript What causes an immune response and increase of

1. What causes an immune
response and increase of white
blood cells?
• Antigens cause an increase in
antibodies
2What moves the bacteria cells?
• Flagella
3What is the main difference
between lytic and Lysogenic
cycles in viruses?
• Lytic is the shorter
cycle that ends in cell
destruction/lysed.
Lysogenic is longer
and leads into the lytic
cycle steps.
4. Describe viruses?
• Viruses are nonliving particles of DNA
or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.
They can only survive & reproduce in a
host, change over time and attach to
only 1 specific type of cell/receptor
5How does a virus get let into a
cell?
• Attaches to a receptor & “tricks” its
way in by mimicking cell
6Who do bacteriophages attack?
• They infect bacteria
7What is always the first line of
defense against infections?
• Skin and mucous membranes
8What is the main difference in
curing bacterial infections
that does not work for
viruses?
• Antibiotics
9Describe the HIV virus?
• It is a retrovirus that goes through the
Lysogenic cycle (that is why it is
spread without knowing) and it mutates
easily
10What is the function of the
endocrine system?
• To adjust hormone/chemical levels to
changes inside and outside of the body
11What is the relationship
between an endocrine gland
and hormones?
• An endocrine gland secretes hormones
12What are the 4 steps to wound
healing?
• Blood clot-scab-newly divided
cells/repairing-sloughing off
13Define somatic system.
• Voluntary
14Define autonomic system.
• Involuntary
15What are the divisions of the
autonomic system?
• Parasympathetic and sympathetic
16. What are the parts of the
central nervous system(CNS)?
• Brain and spinal cord
17What are the parts of the
peripheral nervous
system(PNS)?
• Neurons/nerves
18What is something that most
body cells can do, but nerve
cells can’t (not carry impulses)?
• They can’t reproduce
19Draw and label the path of an
impulse into and out of a
neuron.
20What major nervous system
organ is NOT involved in the
reflex arc?
• The brain
21Label what each of the
following glands regulates:
•
•
•
•
Pancreas- makes insulin
Thyroid- regulates metabolism
Pituitary- regulates other glands
Adrenal- responses to stress
22What are the 4 main sets of
axial bones?
• Skull, vertebral column, sternum and
ribs
23What are the rest of the bones
classified as?
• Appendicular
24What are the functions of
bones?
• Support/structure, protection,
movement, store minerals, and make
blood cells
25What does red bone marrow
produce?
• White blood cells AND red blood cells
26What does yellow bone
marrow produce?
• Fat cells
27. Draw, label, and
briefly describe
movement for the
following socket
types:
Ball-and-socket,
hinge, saddle, &
pivot
28What is the difference between
ligament and tendons?
• They both are attached to bone on one
end, but ligaments are connected to
another bone and tendons are
connected to muscles
29How do muscles work in
pairs?
• As one muscle contracts the other
relaxes and they reverse roles to move
body part in the opposite direction
30Define synovial fluid.
• Lubricating substance to protect end of
bones
31. Define cartilage.
• Strong & flexible tissue between bones
32What is the universal blood
donor type and why?
• O negative because anyone can
receive it without adverse reaction
33What is the universal recipient
and why?
• AB positive because they can receive
any type of blood without rejection
34Arteries carry oxygenated
blood to the cells and veins
carry deoxygenated blood
from the cells back to the heart.
35Which area is common to both
food and air?
• Pharynx
36What flap closes so that food
doesn’t go down the airway?
• Epiglottis
37What do the muscles and
diaphragms do to help in
breathing?
• They contract to inhale and relax to
exhale
38 What are the four
layers of the bone
(outside to inner
core)?
• Periosteum-compactspongy-bone marrow
•