Transcript Factors Affecting Reproductive health gr 11

HEALTHY SEXUALITY
GRADE 11
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
i) SMOKING
**Females who smoke:
•
are at risk for lowering folic acid, Vitamin C and
beta-carotene levels which can lead to infertility,
delay in conception and menstrual disorders.
•
have increased risk of spontaneous abortion
•
Will have a child lower in birth weight due to
reduced nutrients and oxygen to the fetus in
utero.
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
i) SMOKING (CONT)
**Males who smoke:
•
May have the quality of their sperm affected.
•
Marijuana may cause sperm reduction
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
ii)
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
•
There are approximately 25 chemicals known to
result in permanent damage to the developing
fetus.
•
Carbon Monoxide in car exhaust, kerosene
heaters, and lead in paint strippers can result in
low birth rate, still birth, and birth defects.
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
iii)
MEDICATIONS
•
Narcotics, tranquilizers, anti-depressants and
blood pressure medications may cause erectile
dysfunction in males.
•
Some drugs may affect sperm production or
ovulation.
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Some drugs may cause fetal defects (e.g.
accutance treatment for acne, anti-coagulants,
steroids).
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
NUTRITIONAL HEALTH
•
Healthy eating ensures proper nutrients required
preconceptually and prenatally.
•
Anorexia and other eating disorders can cause
loss of menstruation and infertility.
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
SEXUAL HEALTH HISTORY
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Multiple sexual partners increases the risk for
STIs
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Women with multiple sexual partners are at risk
to develop antibodies to sperm.
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Chlamydia is the leading cause of preventable
infertility.
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80% of women & 25% of men with chlamydia
have no symptoms.
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
SEXUAL HEALTH HISTORY (CONTD)
•
50% of women and 25% of men with gonnorhea
have no symptoms.
•
HPV (Genital Warts) is often the precursor to
Cervical Dysplasia
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Cervical treatments may reduce fertility by
causing scarring or damage to mucous-producing
cells.
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
HORMONE & GENETIC FACTORS
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Can affect sperm quality, production and
ovulation.
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Congenital factors may impede the ability to
conceive (e.g. born without uterus, etc)
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
PHYSIOLOGICAL & PHYSCHOLOGICAL
RESPONSE TO STRESS
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Psychological stress (e.g. depression, difficulty
sleeping, anxiety) and physiological stress (e.g.
increased muscle tension, lack of energy,
nervousness) affect libido.
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Stress affects the ability to make healthy lifestyle
choices (e.g. alcohol and substance use, smoking,
decrease in physical activity, poor nutrition)
which in turn affects fertility.
FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
GENERAL HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
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Endometriosis can cause scarring, tubal blockage
and possible immune responses.
•
Tight clothing may affect sperm production (there
is conflicting evidence here!)