Transcript Chapter 18 - Reproduction and Heredity

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
- Regulates long-term changes in the body such as growth and development (controls
many of your body’s functions)
- Endocrine glands – produce and release chemical substances that signal changes
in other parts of the body
- Hormones – chemical substances produced by an endocrine gland
FUNCTIONS OF GLANDS:
- Hypothalamus - body temperature and sleep/hunger, water levels
- Pituitary – growth, reproduction, metabolism (master gland)
- Thyroid, Parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes
- Puberty – the period of sexual development during which a person becomes
sexually mature and physically able to reproduce
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure and Function:
- Sperm – male reproductive cells
- Fertilization – process where a sperm cell may join with an egg to produce a baby
- Testes – 2 oval—shaped male reproductive cells stored in the Scrotum
- Production of testosterone
- Production of sperm
- Penis – the external sexual organ through which sperm leave the body
Sperm Production: hormones in brain signal two hormones (LH and FSH) to make
testosterone and Semen (mixture of sperm cells and fluids from other glands)
- Ejaculation – ejection of semen from the penis
KEEPING HEALTHY
Cleanliness
Sexual Abstinence
Protection from
Trauma
Self-Exams
Medical Checkups
- Infertility – the
condition of
being unable to
reproduce
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure and Function:
- Ova – female reproduction cell
- Ovaries – glands in which eggs are produced and stored
Estrogen – hormone that activates certain physical changes (breast development and
maturation of eggsk)
Progesterone – activates changes to a woman’s reproductive system before and during
pregnancy
Ovulation – release of a ripened egg once a month
- Fallopian tubes – passageways that carry eggs away from the ovaries (where fertilization
usually takes place)
- Uterus – hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ – where a fertilized egg can develop and
grow
- Vagina – birth canal, hollow muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of
the body
- an ovary releases a
mature egg. The
egg travels to the
uterus. If the egg is
not fertilized, the
uterine lining is
shed and a new
cycle begins
THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
KEEPING HEALTHY
- Cleanliness
- Sexual Abstinence
- Prompt Treatment for Infections
- Self-Exams
- Medical Checkups
- Pap smear
- Mammogram
- Ovarian cysts
- Endometriosis
- Infertility
HEREDITY
- the passing on, or transmission, of biological traits from parent to child
- chromosomes
- genes
Heredity information passes from one generation to the next through genes contained
on the two sets of chromosomes that a person receives from their parents
Genetic Disorder – caused by the inheritance of an abnormal gene or chromosome
For most diseases, your environment and your behavior affect your risk as much as or
even more than your genes.
- Genetic Testing
- Gene Therapy