Transcript Immunity
Immunity Koch’s Rules • Identify pathogen (disease causing agent) • Grow only the pathogen in a petri dish, no other organism • After growth, the pathogen is injected into test animal- must cause original disease • Remove pathogen again, grow in petri dish again, compare to original pathogenWhen they match, you can conclude that pathogen caused the disease Koch’s Rules Keeping clean In the 1800’s more patients died than survived during surgery. Disinfectants kill pathogens on objects. Antiseptics kill pathogens on skin. Communicable diseases • A disease that is spread from one organism to another Noncommunicable diseases • Diseases that are not caused by pathogens. Theses diseases are not passed from one organism to another. Examples: Diabetes Allergies Asthma Cancer Heart Disease Immune system defenses • Non specific = first (skin) and second (inflammatory response) line of defenses; are effective against many different kinds of pathogens • Specific = third line (white blood cells) are effective against a specific pathogen Your Immune System: A complex group of defenses that your body has to fight disease. Respiratory systemCilia (small hairs) and mucus to trap foreign organisms or antigens. Digestive systemStomach chemicals to kill foreign organisms. Circulatory systemWhite blood cells eat foreign organisms. Organs of the immune system • • • • • Blood Lymphatic system Tonsils Thymus gland Spleen The Lymphatic System • Major role in the immune system. • Produces, stores, and circulate white blood cells. • Lymph=fluid in the lymphatic system • Lymph nodes=areas of concentrated lymph vessels Antibody production 1.Recognition 2. Mobilization 3. Disposal 4. Immunity Two types of defenses ACTIVE IMMUNITY – when your own body makes the antibodies to the antigen. PASSIVE IMMUNITY – when antibodies are produced in another animal and placed in your body. Diseases • Allergies= when the immune system reacts to a harmless chemical as if it were an antigen • Autoimmune = immune system mistakes its own cells for pathogens • HIV = human immunodeficiency virus • Vaccines=dead or weakened pathogen that is designed to increase the body’s immunity