Transcript Understanding Disease

Understanding Disease
Disease: Any condition that interferes with the proper
functioning of the body and mind.
Two Types of Disease
Communicable
A disease that can be
passed to a person from
another person, animal,
or object via a pathogen
(germ), entering the
body.
Non-Communicable
Disease
A disease not capable of
being passed on.
4 Types of Pathogens
1. Virus: The smallest pathogen such as a cold or flu.
Cannot be treated with antibiotics.
2. Bacteria: Tiny, one-celled organisms such as strep
throat. Most can be cured with antibiotics.
3. Fungi: More complex than bacteria and cannot
make their own food. Example, Athlete’s Foot.
4. Protozoa: One-celled organism. Example, Malaria
may be transferred into the body from an infected
mosquito.
Pictures of Pathogens
Bacteria
Virus
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa
Modes of Transmission
How do the pathogens get passed on?
1. Direct Physical Contact - Ex: handshake, kiss…
2. Indirect Contact – Ex: doorknob, utensils…
3. Airborne – Breathing in droplets/spray from
others coughing or sneezing into the air.
4. Transmission by animal or insect.
So……
What does the body have that fights
off these pesky pathogens once
they’ve launched an invasion on
us?
The Immune System
The Immune System is the body’s defense against
infectious diseases.
It’s made up of cells, tissues, and organs that work
together to protect the body.
Key Players:
White Blood Cells,
Macrophage, Antigens,
Helper T cells, B Cells,
Killer T Cells, Antibodies,
Memory Cells
The Immune Response
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJEc2GDEfz
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The Chain of Command
Macrophage: Recognizes the germ has invaded
& doesn’t belong. It swallows it up and “flags”
the cell. This flag is an antigen, or a small
piece of the virus.
Helper T Cells: Recognize the antigens on the
cell. They release a chemical message that
signals other cells to the area to help battle
the pathogen.
Help is on the way!
B Cells: Answer the call of the Helper T’s . They form “Y”
shaped antibodies that tag, or attach to the pathogen, that
show it’s the germ that needs to be destroyed.
Killer T Cells: They come in to swallow up the tagged
pathogen to rid the body of it.
Lastly…
Memory Cells: They stay behind to make sure that same
germ doesn’t attack again. If it does, they alert the
antibodies to kill it off without having to go through the
whole process from the beginning.
Is it over now?
*Once all the battling is over, the body will
recover to its healthy self.
*The length of the disease will vary depending on
the type of pathogen and how healthy the
Immune System is prior to the invasion.
*Eating healthy, exercise, rest, and drinking plenty
of water are all ways to help keep your Immune
System strong..