Transcript Diseases PPx

Diseases & Disorders
Created by:
Stevenson Health
Team
What is a Disease?
Disease:
conditions or
disorders that
result in the body
not functioning
properly
How do you get Diseases?
 Direct Contact: contact directly with
another person
 Infected Body Fluids, Open Cuts or Sores
 (EX) Physical contact with another
person
 Indirect-Airborne: contact with
organisms in the air
 Sneezing, Coughing, Talking, Respiratory
Discharge
 (EX) sneezing then touching doorknob
 Environment: contact with animals or
insects
 (EX) mosquitos spread disease
Causes of Diseases:
Pathogen (GERM):
Infectious microorganism that invades the body and
attacks the cells and tissues
Types of Pathogens:
1. Bacteria
2. Virus
3. Fungi
Pathogen = GERM
Bacteria: member of a large group of microorganisms
lacking organelles in a nucleus – some that cause
diseases
 Live on or inside the body
 Can exist independently (free-living) or parasites (depend
on another organism for life)
 Toxin = Poison
 Treated with Antibiotics
 EX: Strep Throat
 Pneumonia
Pathogen = GERM
Virus: a small infectious agent that can replicate only
inside the living cell or an organism
 Can infect all types of organisms – humans, animals, plants
 Prevented with Vaccinations
 EX: Common Cold
 Flu
 Chicken Pox
Pathogen = GERM
Fungi: organisms that can’t make their own food – feed
off dead animals
 Prefer dark/damp environments
 Invade deep tissues of the hair, nails, skin
 EX: Mold and Mushrooms
 Athletes Foot
How can we Destroy Pathogens?
Antibodies: protein found in the blood use by the
immune system to identify foreign objects like bacteria
or virus
 Neutralize and Destroy pathogens
Phagocytes: T-Cells that Engulf & Destroy pathogens
T-Cells are a type of White Blood Cell (WBC) that keep
your immune system healthy
Body’s Protection
Immunity: body’s natural defense against disease
Passive Immunity
Temporary – Mother passes it to baby through
breast milk
Active Immunity
Your body remembers pathogens and provides
long term protection
Three Lines of Defense = Protection
Physical Barriers: body’s
main line of defense
 Skin = largest organ
Chemical Barriers: body
fluids
Tears, Saliva, Digestive Fluids
Inflammatory Barriers:
lymphocytes
 White Blood Cells (WBC’s) that
travel through the bloodstream
Vaccines (Prevention)
Live-Virus Vaccine - Weakened virus injected in the body
 Stimulated body to produce antibodies without getting
the disease
 EX: Measles, Rubella
Killed-Virus Vaccine - Stimulated body to produce
antibodies but is not as powerful as live-virus vaccine
 EX: Booster Shots
Toxoid - Caused by bacteria that produce toxins
 EX: Tetanus
Recumbent - Cloned virus used to stimulate an immune
response
 EX: Hepatitis B
Categories of Diseases
Communicable: infectious/contagious
 Transmitted from one organism to another
 EX: STD’s, Cold, Flu
Non-Communicable: NOT infectious/contagious
 Can’t be transmitted
 EX: Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke
Non-Communicable Diseases
Heart Disease – #1 leading cause of death in America
Hypertension – high blood pressure
Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries
Atherosclerosis – fatty deposits collect in the artery
wall
Cancer – abnormal cell growth that spreads rapidly
Carcinogen – cancer causing agent
Stroke – loss of brain function due to disturbance in
the blood supply to the brain - caused by a blocked or
burst blood vessel
Non-Communicable Diseases
Epilepsy - neurological disorder – recurring seizures
– abnormal activity in the brain when the brain sends
out abnormal signals – episodes of disturbed brain
activity that cause changes in attention or behavior burst of nerve impulses in the brain
Typically controlled with medication
Asthma – causes the airways of the lungs to swell and
narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest
tightness, and coughing.
Arthritis – inflammation of the joints
Non-Communicable Diseases
Diabetes – person has a high blood sugar level
(glucose)
 Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas which
allows the body cells to absorb glucose)
Diabetes Type #1 – body can’t produce enough
insulin
Diabetes Type #2 – cells fail to use insulin properly
that is produced in the body – related to obesity
Gestational Diabetes – mother who has never had
diabetes before, now during pregnancy has a high
blood glucose level
Acute vs. Chronic Diseases
Acute: short-term
 EX: Common Cold, Chicken Pox, Flu
Chronic: long-term
 EX: Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke
Communication with our Body
Biofeedback: becoming aware of physical events in
your body are involuntary
(autonomic nervous system)
Used to manage stress, relieve anxiety, headaches, and
tension
EX: weighing yourself, taking your pulse