Transcript How does the immune system protect the body against disease?

Topic: Immunity
Aim: How does the immune system protect the
body against disease?
Do Now: 1. Hand in Muscle Fatigue Lab
2. Complete questions on the bottom of the
first page of your locomotion notes.
HW: Read pgs. 657-671. Recall notes for the
following diseases: AIDS, allergies, cancer.
Describe what type of disease, causes and
treatment. (Due Wednesday)
Schistosoma mansoni (fluke) is a
major parasitic pathogen that causes
schistosomiasis.
You can become infected when your
skin comes in contact with
contaminated freshwater.
Schistosomiasis account for greater
than a quarter of a million deaths
per annum. Worms not found in the
U.S.
Within days after becoming infected,
they may develop a rash or itchy
skin. Within 1-2 months of infection,
symptoms may develop including
fever, chills, cough, and muscle
aches. Symptoms of chronic
schistosomiasis include: abdominal
pain, enlarged liver, blood in the
stool or blood in the urine, problems
passing urine, and increased risk of
bladder cancer.
Pathogen
• Disease-causing
microorganism
• Ex: bacteria, viruses,
parasites, or fungi
How does • Physical barriers:
the body
prevent
pathogens
from
entering?
• Skin, mucus, sweat, tears,
saliva, cilia, digestive
enzymes
• Substance that triggers
Antigen an immune response
• Protein found on surface
of pathogens
Antibodies • Protein that helps
destroy pathogens
• Produced when an
antigen enters
the body
• Bind to specific antigens to
help destroy pathogen
Infectious • Caused by a pathogen
disease
• Can be transmitted
• Ex: cold, flu, bronchitis,
chicken pox, AIDS
Noninfectious • Not caused by a
disease
pathogen
• Cannot be
transmitted
• Ex: allergies, cancer,
genetic disorders
Let’s summarize…
1. Explain what a pathogen in.
2. Explain the difference between an
antigen and an antibody.
3. Explain what occurs when a foreign
antigen enters the body.
4. Explain the difference between
infectious and noninfectious
disease.
1. Which phrase does not describe a way
the human body responds to fight
disease?
a. destruction of infectious agents by
white blood cells
b. production of antibodies by white
blood cells
c. increased production of white blood
cells
d. production of pathogens by white
blood cells
2. Which substances may form in the human body due
to invaders entering the blood?
a. nutrients
b. vaccines
c. antibodies
d. red blood cells
3. Which statement best describes an immune
response?
a. It always produces antibiotics.
b. It usually involves the recognition and destruction
of pathogens.
c. It stimulates asexual reproduction and resistance
in pathogens.
d. It releases red blood cells that destroy parasites.
4. Which statement does not identify a
characteristic of antibodies?
a. They are produced by the body in response
to the presence of foreign substances.
b. They may be produced in response to an
antigen.
c. They are nonspecific, acting against any
foreign substance in the body.
d. They may be produced by white blood cells.
5. Part of the body’s first line of defense
against disease-causing organisms is
a. the immune system b. the skin
c. antibodies
d. interferon
6. Molecules that are foreign to your body are
called
a. antibodies b. white blood cells
c. antigens
d. histamines
Which statement best describes an
immune response?
a. It always produces antibiotics.
b. It usually involves the recognition and
destruction of pathogens.
c. It stimulates asexual reproduction and
resistance in pathogens.
d. It releases red blood cells that destroy
parasites.
A(n) __ is a substance made by an organism in
response to invading substances and diseasecausing organisms.
a. allergen
b. antibody
c. antigen
d. pathogen
The immune system of humans may respond
to chemicals on the surface of an invading
organism.
1. What are these chemicals on the surface
called?
2. Explain what will happen once these
chemicals enter the body.