Transcript Chapter 40 Review

Chapter 40 Review
• Any change, other than an injury, that disrupts
normal body functions
disease
• List 3 sources of disease
Produced by agents
Materials in the environment
genes
Match the disease with its cause
bacteria viruses fungi
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_________
Virus
influenza
_________athlete’s
foot
Fungi
_________
Bacteria meningitis
Virus
__________Ebola
__________ringworm
Fungi
Bacteria
__________strep
Virus
__________
AIDS
• Which 2 scientists concluded that diseases
were caused by microorganisms?
Robert Koch
Louis Pasteur
• What is the germ theory of disease?
Diseases are caused by microorganisms
called germs
• Rules used to identify microorganisms are
known as
Koch’s Postulates
• What are Koch’s postulates?
1. The pathogen should be found in the body
of a sick organism and not in a healthy one
2. The pathogen must be isolated and
grown in the laboratory in pure form
3. When
pathogens are placed in a new
host, they should cause the same
disease that infected the original host
4. The injected pathogen should be
isolated from the second host. It
should be identical to the original
pathogen.
• Which type of pathogen invades and
replicates in living cells by injecting their DNA
or RNA into them?
Viruses
• Which pathogen causes disease by breaking
down the hosts tissues or producing toxins?
Bacteria
• What type of pathogen is responsible for
diseases such as malaria and dysentery?
Protists
• What type of pathogen lives inside a host and
steals nutrients from them?
Worms
• A disease causing agent
pathogen
• The ability of the body to resist a specific
pathogen
immunity
• List the ways diseases can be spread
Physical contact
Contaminated food or water
Infected animals
• How can we prevent the spread of disease?
Wash your hands
Cover your face when sneezing or coughing
• Animals that spread disease are called
vectors
• Nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage
caused by injury or infection
Inflammatory response
• Elevated body temperature that occurs in
response to an infection
fever
• What kills bacteria without harming the
human or host?
antibiotic
• What enzyme breaks down the cells walls of
bacteria and can be found in mucus, saliva,
and tears
lysozyme
• Protein that helps destroy a pathogen
antibody
• Overreaction of the immune system to
antigens
allergy
• Which antibiotic was discovered accidentally
in 1828?
Penicillin
• What type of defenses track down pathogens
that have made it into the body?
Specific Defenses
• Antibiotics are helpful with bacteria, but will
not kill
Viruses
• What is the most important nonspecific
defense?
Skin
• The body’s specific defenses that attack a
disease-causing agent
Immune response
• Substance that triggers an immune response
antigen
• What type of defenses work to keep
pathogens out of the body?
Nonspecific Defenses
• List 4- first line defenses
Skin
Mucus
Sweat
Tears
• White blood cells that engulf pathogens are
called
phagocytes
• What are the benefits to a fever
Slows or stops the growth of many pathogens
Increases heart rate to get WBC’s there faster
• A protein that helps cells resist a viral infection
Interferon
• What are the 2 types of cells that recognize
antigens?
B cells
T cells
• Immunity against pathogens and antigens in
body fluids
Humoral immunity
• Defense against abnormal cells and pathogens
inside normal cells
Cell-mediated immunity
• What types of cells are used in a humoral
response?
B cells
• What types of cells are used in a cell-mediated
response?
T cells
• Which cells produce antibodies for a
secondary response?
Memory B cells
• Describe the shape of an antibody
Y-shaped with 2 antigen binding sites
• The antibody has antigen binding sites whose
shape is ______________ to the antigen
shape
complimentary
• Cell mediated immunity responds to what 2
things?
Cancerous cells
Virus infected cells
• When the body recognizes a transplanted
organ as foreign and attacks it this is known as
rejection
• A preparation of weakened or killed
pathogens
vaccine
• Temporary protection from a disease by
injecting the antibodies made from
another animal into the bloodstream
Passive immunity
• Name 3 types of disorders within the immune
system
Allergies
Autoimmune disease
Immunodeficiency Disease
• List substances that are common allergens
Mold
Dust
Pollen
• The activated mast cells initiate the release of
a
Histamine
• What do histamines do
Histamines increase the flow of blood
and fluids to the surrounding tissues
• What type of drug counteracts the work of
histamines?
antihistamines
• A chronic respiratory condition in which the
passageways narrow
asthma
• When the immune system makes a mistake
and attacks the body’s own cells it produces
an
autoimmune disease
• Give an example of an autoimmune disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Type 1 Diabetes
Multiple Sclerosis
• antibodies attack the insulin-producing cells of
the pancreas
Type 1 diabetes
• The immune system attacks the connective
tissues around joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• The immune system attacks the brain and
spinal cord
Multiple Sclerosis
• Disorder in which the immune system itself is
attacked
Immunodeficiency disease
• How can HIV be spread?
Sexual contact
Sharing needles
Blood or blood products
Mother to child
• Factors that have the potential to affect your
health in a negative way and cause injury or
disease
Risk factors
• What factors affect air quality
Carbon Monoxide
Ozone Gas
Airborne Particulates
• Symptoms of CO poisoning include
headache, dizziness, nausea, light headedness
• Highly reactive form of oxygen found in the
air, it is a risk factor when it occurs at ground
level
Ozone
• Name 3 airborne particle affect you health
Allergens
Lead
asbestos
• Intentional release of infectious agents
bioterrorism
• Uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction
Cancer
• The cells begin to divide uncontrollably and
form a mass of tissue called a _________
Tumor
• _____________ are substances that cause
cancer
carcinogens
• What behaviors reduce your risk of exposure
to pathogens?
Eating a healthy diet
plenty of exercise and rest
Abstaining from harmful activities
Getting regular checkups