Transcript Immunity Notes

KEY CONCEPT:
The immune systems consists of organs,
cells, and molecules that fight infections
Cells and proteins fight the body’s infections.
– Complement proteins weaken pathogen
membranes
–Antibodies make pathogens ineffective
– Interferons prevent viruses from
infecting healthy cells
pathogens
antibody
Immunity prevents a person from getting sick from a
pathogen.
KEY CONCEPT
The immune system has many responses to
pathogens and foreign cells.
extracellular
space
capillary wall
white blood cell
D. characterized by
swelling, redness, and
pain
– Low fevers stimulate white blood cells to mature.
– High fevers can cause seizure, brain damage, and even
antigens
virus
A. Cellular immunity uses T cells to destroy infected body cells.
pathogen
antigens
antigens
T cell
receptors
memory T cells
activated T cells
B. Humoral immunity uses B cells to produce antibodies.
B cell
pathogen
antibodies
T cell
memory B cells
activated B cells
B cell
T cell
– specialized T and B cells
– provide acquired (active) immunity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQGOcOUBi6s
KEY CONCEPT
Living in a clean environment and building immunity
help keep a person healthy.
• Antibiotics and antiseptics cause pathogens to burst.
–do not target specific pathogens
–examples include vinegar and soap
• Antibiotics kill pathogens inside the body.
–target one specific bacterium or fungus
–not effective against viruses
– Some bacteria in a population have genes that make
them immune to antibiotics.
– These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics
useless.
A bacterium carries
genes for antibiotic
resistance on a plasmid.
A copy of the plasmid is transferred
through conjugation.
Resistance is quickly
spread through
many bacteria.
Vaccine
Article
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb7TVW77ZCs
A substance that produces active immunity.
Produce memory cells
11. Memory cells do not have to be activated- they
respond right away.
12.Vaccines are made of : dead, whole pathogens, weak
pathogens, pieces of pathogens, bacterial toxins
• Vaccination provides immunity.
– stimulates a specific
immune response
memory B cells
– causes memory
cells to be produced
– allows immune
system to respond
quickly to infection
– has such a fast
response, a person
will not get sick
Antigens in a vaccine
trigger an immune response,
and memory B cells are
made.
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2
3
A memory B cell is
stimulated when the real
pathogen binds to it.
The B cell quickly activates
and makes antibodies that
fight the pathogens before
you get sick.