Transcript File - Pomp
The Immune System • Chapter 43 ~ PCA: • List the organs involved in the immune sytem: Lines of Defense Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms…… Innate Immunity • First defense – Skin – Mucous membranes – Secretions- skin and mucous membranes “You men come with me, the rest of you run with mucus…” • Mucous membranes – Line digestive, respiratory and genital tracts – Low pH – lysozymes Innate Immunity: • Specialized phagocytic white blood cells • Antimicrobial proteins • Inflammatory response Innate Immunity: 5 types of Leukocytes • Neutrophils • 60-70% WBCs; engulf and destroy microbes at infected tissue Short lived • Monocytes • 5% WBCs; develop into…. – Macrophages 1)phagocytosis – 2)lysosomal enzymes destroy microbes • Dendritic cells: • Stimulate development of the acquired immune system Innate Immunity: 5 types of Leukocytes • Eosinophils • 1.5% WBCs; destroy large parasitic invaders • Enzymatic action- no phagocytosis • Natural killer (NK) cells • destroy virus-infected body cells & abnormal cells • apoptosis Antimicrobial Proteins: 1. Complement system- group of 30 proteins Once activated can cause invading cells to lyse – burst – Compliment the ability of antibodies and phagocytes 2. Interferons (α, β and γ) Immune response to viruses Activates macrophages The Inflammatory Response • Tissue injury; release of chemical signals~ • histamine (basophils/mast cells): • prostaglandins: increases blood flow & vessel permeability • Dilation and increased permeability of capillary~ • chemokines: secreted by blood vessel endothelial cells mediates phagocytotic migration of WBCs Lymphatic System: • Consists of: – – – – – – – Lymphatic vessels Lymph nodes Adenoids Tonsils Appendix Spleen Peyer’s patches Lymphatic System: • Function: – Traps foreign molecules and various substances – Returns lost fluids back to circulatory system Lymphatic System: • Connection with Immune System: – Foreign molecules and invaders encounter macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes which take various defense actions to activate and immune response and destroy pathogens.