Transcript Document

Unit 5: Learning
Associative learning*: learning that two events
are linked together. Both classical and operant
conditioning are types of associative learning.
Unit 5: Learning
Topic:
Classical Conditioning
“Brian Wilson” by the Barenaked Ladies
It’s a matter of instinct,
a matter of conditioning,
a matter of fact.
You can call me Pavlov’s dog.
Ring a bell and I’ll salivate,
How’d you like that?”
1849-1936
key name
Ivan PAVLOV
• discovered classical
conditioning
• conducted the famous
salivating dog experiment
Dog in Pavlov’s Apparatus
(clip)
Pavlov’s Dog Experiment
NS (neutral stimulus): tuning fork / bell
US (unconditioned stimulus)
sight of food
UR (unconditioned response)
salivation
CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork / bell
CR (conditioned response) salivation
Every time I go near the cabinet where Rover’s
treats are kept, Rover comes and sits,
waiting for a treat.
NS (neutral stimulus): cabinet
US (unconditioned stimulus)
treats
UR (unconditioned response)
come and sit
CS (conditioned stimulus) cabinet
CR (conditioned response)
come and sit
Bobby watched the movie JAWS when he was 4years-old. Now, every time he hears the song,
“da-duh, da-duh, da-duh…) he gets anxious.
NS (neutral stimulus):“da-duh”
US (unconditioned stimulus)
UR (unconditioned response)
scary movie
fear / anxiety
CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh”
CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety
Pavlov's Dog in the Office
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfZfMI
HwSkU
Pavlov’s Dog – the Office
NS (neutral stimulus):“computer sound”
US (unconditioned stimulus)
UR (unconditioned response)
offer of mint
put hand out
CS (conditioned stimulus)“computer sound”
CR (conditioned response) put hand out
Lemonade Activity*
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
extinction
when a CR no longer follows a CS
Remember the example of a person fearing the Jaws song?
CS (conditioned stimulus)“da-duh”
CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
spontaneous recovery
Reappearance of an extinguished
response after a rest period
CS (conditioned stimulus)“da-duh”
CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety
Time Passes
CS (conditioned stimulus)“da-duh”
CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
generalization
similar stimuli elicit similar responses
Remember Pavlov’s dog example?
CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork
Now the dog salivates whenever he hears bells, alarm
clocks, or music. The dog has GENERALIZED.
CR (conditioned response) salivation
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
discrimination
learned ability to distinguish between a CS
and other similar stimuli
Remember Pavlov’s dog example?
CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork
CR (conditioned response) salivation
The dog only salivates when he hears that particular tuning
fork; never when he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The
dog has DISCRIMINATED.
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
extinction
when a CR no longer follows a CS
spontaneous recovery
Reappearance of an extinguished
response after a rest period
generalization
discrimination
similar stimuli elicit similar responses
learned ability to distinguish between
a CS and other similar stimuli
Can I Get A Volunteer to Be
Conditioned?*
“Water in the Face Demo”
NS (neutral stimulus): The word “CAN”
UCS (unconditioned stimulus) Spray
UCR (unconditioned response) Wincing at spray
CS (conditioned stimulus) The word “CAN”
CR (conditioned response) Wincing at “CAN”
1878-1958
key name
John WATSON
• founder of Behaviorism
• conducted the famous &
controversial “Little
Albert” experiment
• Little Albert Video
Turn off sound!
Watson’s Baby Albert Experiment
NS (neutral stimulus): furry things
UCS (unconditioned stimulus) loud noise
UCR (unconditioned response) startled
CS (conditioned stimulus) furry things
CR (conditioned response) startled
Born in 1917
key name
John GARCIA
• Discovered idea of Taste
Aversion
• Taste aversion later became
known as the “Garcia Effect”
Garcia’s Taste Aversion Studies
• Set up experiment with rats. Exposed
them to sights, sounds, and tastes (CS)
and later also gave them radiation or
drugs that led to nausea and vomiting
(UCR).
• Even if sickened hours later, rats
avoided the particular flavor of water but
did NOT develop aversions to the sights
or sounds.
Importance of
Taste Aversion Studies
1.) Violated behaviorists principle that any
stimulus could serve as a CS.
2.) Shows that nature prepares the members of
each species to learn those things crucial to
their survival.
3.) Are exceptions to classical conditioning rules:
UCS does not always have to follow CS
immediately.