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Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant or Classical? (Bonus: Find a related term) 1. Jake is training his dog to sit on command. Jake gives his dog a treat every time the dog sits. 2. Students in Mr. Winn’s Class receive a gold star each time they answer a question correctly After a student receives 10 gold stars he/she earns a pencil. 3. When Zach was 8, he ate a piece of shrimp that caused him to become ill. Now Zach is 17 and becomes nauseous every time he smells shrimp. 4. Jillian was out past curfew on Saturday. As a result, her parents took away her privileges. Jillian no longer stays out past curfew. 5. Every time Rachel’s parents leave her with Lisa, the babysitter, Rachel cries. Lisa came to Rachel’s 3rd birthday party, which caused Rachel to cry. Introduction • Classical conditioning –Ivan Pavlov –John B. Watson –Behaviorism Pavlov’s Experiments • Define the terms & apply to Pavlov’s experiments –Unconditioned stimulus (US) –Unconditioned response (UR) –Conditioned stimulus (CS) –Conditioned response (CR) –Neutral Stimulus (NS) Pavlov’s Experiments Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s Experiments Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery • Extinction • Spontaneous recovery • Reconditioning Savings Pavlov’s Experiments Generalization • Generalization Pavlov’s Experiments Discrimination • Discrimination • Bill couldn’t ever remember being so sick and nauseated. He would never go to that restaurant again, and he would never again eat chicken. All he could think about was the good dinner his mother would prepare for his homecoming. As he entered the kitchen, he became flushed and felt nauseated when he saw the golden brown turkey sitting on the table. 1.What is the US? The UR? 2.What is the CS? The CR? 3.What term explains why Bill became nauseated when he saw the turkey on the table? Operant Conditioning • Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect • B.F. Skinner –Behavioral technology –Behavior control Skinner’s Experiments Shaping Behavior • Shaping –Successive approximations –Discriminative stimulus Skinner’s Experiments Other Key Terms • • • • • Albert Bandura & Bobo Doll Study Observational Learning Modeling Learned Helplessness Insight Skinner’s Experiments Reinforcement Schedules • Continuous reinforcement • Partial (intermittent) reinforcement • Schedules –Fixed-ratio schedule –Variable-ratio schedule –Fixed-interval schedule –Variable-interval schedule Skinner’s Experiments Reinforcement Schedules Skinner’s Experiments Reinforcement Schedules Hint: VR = very resistant to extinction! Identify the Schedule of Reinforcement 1. Jake is training his dog to sit on command. Jake gives his dog a treat every time the dog sits. 2. Julie works at a factory and is paid based on the number of shoes she produces in a day. 3. A rat receives a food pellet after a certain behavior is performed after an elapsed time of 45 seconds. 4. If you want to train your dog to roll over, it is best to initially put her on which schedule of reinforcement? Why? What schedule would you want to switch to over time? Why?