Transcript Big_BoardBandura

Albert Bandura
• Albert Bandrua was born December
4, 1925 in Canada.
• Professor Emeritus of Social Science
in Psychology at Stanford University.
• His career spans almost six decades.
Bandura is responsible for groundbreaking
contributions to many fields of psychology
• Social cognitive theory
• Personality psychology
• Influential in the transition between
behaviorism and cognitive psychology
• Originator of social learning theory and the
theory of self-efficacy
• Responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo
Doll experiment
• A 2002 survey ranked Bandura as the
fourth most-frequently cited psychologist
of all time, behind B.F. Skinner, Sigmund
Freud, and Jean Piaget
• The most cited living psychologist
• Bandura is widely described as the
greatest living psychologist and as one of
the most influential psychologists of all
time.
Publications
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Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy : the exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action : a social cognitive
theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A., & Walters, R.H. (1959). Adolescent Aggression. Ronald Press: New
York.
Bandura, A. (1962). Social Learning through Imitation. University of Nebraska Press:
Lincoln, NE.
Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston.
Bandura, A. (1971). Psychological modeling: conflicting theories. Chicago:
Aldine·Atherton.
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: a social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:
Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1975). Social Learning & Personality Development. Holt, Rinehart &
Winston, INC: NJ.
Bandura, A., & Ribes-Inesta, Emilio. (1976). Analysis of Delinquency and Aggression.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, INC: New Jersey
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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In the
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Models
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Who is
Bandura?
Social
Learning
Theory
Pay
Attention!
Classroom
Matter
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Who is Albert Bandura?
for 5 Points
Albert Bandura is
associated with
Stanford ________ .
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Who is Albert Bandura?
Answer for 5 Points
University
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Who is Albert Bandura?
Question for 10 Points
Bandura is well know
for the ____ doll
experiment.
Show Answer
Who is Albert Bandura?
Answer for 10 Points
Bobo
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Who is Albert Bandura?
Question for 15 Points
Bandura’s work
continues to be a force
in studies of imitation
and m_______ .
Show Answer
Who is Albert Bandura?
Answer for 15 Points
modeling
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Who is Albert Bandura?
Question for 20 Points
A frequently cited book
of Bandura’s is
Principles of Behavior
M______ (1969)
Show Answer
Who is Albert Bandura?
Answer for 20 Points
Modification
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Who is Albert Bandura?
Question for 25 Points
Bandura is considered
the leading proponent
of ______ Learning
Theory.
Show Answer
Who is Albert Bandura?
Answer for 25 Points
Social
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Social Learning Theory
Question for 5 Points
Differing with
behaviorists, Bandura
stressed that _____
played a role in
learning.
Show Answer
Social Learning Theory
Answer for 5 Points
cognition (or
thinking)
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Social Learning Theory
Question for 10 Points
Unlike ____________, social
learning theorists believe that
learning can occur without a
change in behavior.
Show Answer
Social Learning Theory
Answer for 10 Points
Behaviorists
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Social Learning Theory
Question for 15 Points
Social Learning Theory
states there is a
continuous interaction
between cognitive,
behavioral, and e______
influences.
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Social Learning Theory
Answer for 15 Points
environment
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Social Learning Theory
Question for 20 Points
Social Learning Theory
encompasses a______,
memory, and
motivation.
Show Answer
Social Learning Theory
Answer for 20 Points
attention
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Social Learning Theory
Question for 25 Points
Bandura (1977) pointed out, the
response and resulting
reinforcement do not always
appear immediately after the
stimulus but may occur days or
weeks later. This phenomenon is
know as d_____ i______ .
Show Answer
Social Learning Theory
Answer for 25 Points
delayed imitation
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Pay Attention!
Question for 5 Points
Paying attention is a cognitive
p_____ essential for learning to
occur.
Show Answer
Pay Attention!
Answer for 5 Points
process
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Pay Attention!
Question for 10 Points
Reinforcement increases the
likelihood of a r_____ only when an
individual realizes which particular
response has led to the
reinforcement.
Show Answer
Pay Attention!
Answer for 10 Points
response
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Pay Attention!
Question for 15 Points
Social cognitive theory
focuses on the ways in which
people learn from o______
one another.
Show Answer
Pay Attention!
Answer for 15 Points
observing
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Pay Attention!
Question for 20 Points
Students are more likely to
have mastery goals when they
have high i______ in learning.
(Bandura, 1997)
Show Answer
Pay Attention!
Answer for 20 Points
interest
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Pay Attention!
Question for 25 points.
Numerous research studies
indicate that children become
more a______ when they
observe violent models.
Show Answer
Pay Attention!
Answer for 25 Points
aggressive
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In the Classroom
Question for 5 Points
A model is more likely to be
.
effective if the model’s behavior is
r_______ to the student’s needs.
Show Answer
In the Classroom
Answer for 5 Points
relevant
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In the Classroom
Question for 10 Points
Describing the consequences of
behaviors can effectively increase
appropriate behaviors and decrease
__________ behaviors .
Show Answer
In the Classroom
Answer for 10 Points
inappropriate
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In the Classroom
Question for 15 Points
Teachers can promote
s________-e________ by having
students receive confidence-building
messages, watch others be successful,
and experience success on their own. .
Show Answer
In the Classroom
Answer for 15 Points
self-efficacy
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In the Classroom
Question for 20 Points
Guiding students in developing
s____ - r_______ is an effective
method for improving student
behavior.
Show Answer
In the Classroom
Answer for 20 Points
Self-regulation
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In the Classroom
Question for 25 Points
The nonoccurrence of
expected consequences is an
influential consequence and a
form of punishment. The
nonoccurrence of expected
p________ can be reinforcing.
Show Answer
In the Classroom
Answer for 25 Points
punishment
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Models Matter
Question for 5 Points
Students often learn a
great deal simply by
______ others .
Show Answer
Models Matter
Answer for 5 Points
observing
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Models Matter
Question for 10 Points
Two variables that affect an
observer’s ability to retain in
memory the modeled events
are covert and _____
rehearsals.
Show Answer
Models Matter
Answer for 10 Points
overt
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Models Matter
Question for 15 Points
Individuals are more
likely to adopt a
modeled behavior if the
model is _____ to the
observer.
Show Answer
Models Matter
Answer for 15 Points
similar
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Models Matter
Question for 20 Points
When people see others
misbehave without negative
c__________, they are more
likely to misbehave
themselves.
Show Answer
Models Matter
Answer for 20 Points
consequences
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Models Matter
Question for 25 Point
Children can learn from watching a
model being reinforced for a response.
Bandura illustrated this with children
watching a model hit the Bobo doll then
receiving reinforcement. The children hit
the doll without being reinforced. This is
known as v_______ r_______ .
Show Answer
Models Matter
Answer for 25 Points
vicarious reinforcement
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Albert Bandura and his twin
grandsons Timmy and Andy
in 1996.
Show Question
Show
question
“Big Points”
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Question
In the video, conditions for
effective modeling were
demonstrated. They are
1. A______
2. R_______
3. Motor R_____ 4. M______
Show Answer
Big Points
Answer for Big Points
1. Attention
2. Rehearsal (retention)
3. Motor Reproduction
4. Motivation
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References
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert Bandura
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Haggbloom S.J. (2002). The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century, Review of
General Psychology, 6 (2). 139-152.
Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, Human Learning (5th ed) Pearson Prentice Hall 2007
ISBN 13: 978-0-12-232749-7
http://eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED091326.pdf Hartjen, Raymond, Implications of
Bandura’s Observational Learning Theory for a Competency Based
Teacher Education Model; April 1974
• http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/bandurabio.html
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"To succeed, one cannot afford to be a
realist." ~ Albert Bandura ~
Address before the American
Psychological Association, 1998
http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/banconversion.html
Albert Bandura sets the record straight (2007)
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"At the time of my graduate training, the entire field of psychology was behaviorally oriented with an
almost exclusive focus on the phenomenon of learning. But I never really fit the behavioral orthodoxy. At the
time virtually all of the theorizing and research centered on learning through the effects of reinforcing
outcomes. In my first major program of research, I argued against the primacy of conditioning in favor of
observational learning, in which people neither emit responses nor receive reinforcements during the
process of learning. Indeed, my first major publication was a lengthy chapter on 'Social Learning Through
Imitation' in the 1962 Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, in which I conceptualize observational learning as
mediated through perceptual and cognitive processes. On pages 260-261 of this chapter, I present a parody on
how trying to shape auto driving skills through operant conditioning would unshape the driver and the surrounding
environment! I rejected Miller and Dollard's view of imitation as merely a special case of instrumental conditioning.
While behaviorists were plotting learning curves as a function of number of reinforced trials, I published a chapter
on 'No trial learning' in a volume edited by Berkowitz."
"During this period, behaviorists were championing the shaping and control of human behavior by
rewarding and punishing consequences. I began a second major program of research on the capacity for
self-directedness to regulate one's own behavior through personal standards and self-reactive influences.
The initial studies on the acquisition of self-evaluative standards for self-directedness were reported in
the 1963 book with Richard Walters on Social Learning and Personality Development."
"In the early
writings I acknowledged the phenomena encompassed under the labels of conditioning and
reinforcement. But what text writers and those relying on secondary sources were missing is that I
conceptualized these phenomena as operating through cognitive processes. 'Reinforcement' affected
behavior by instilling outcome expectations rather than by stamping in responses. See pages 16-22 in
Social Learning Theory (1977). I also conceptualized instrumental and classical conditioning in terms of
acquisition of expectancies rather than coupling responses to stimuli. See chapter 10 in Principles of
Behavior Modification entitled, 'Symbolic Control of Behavioral Changes.'"
"The theorizing that is currently in vogue attributes behavior to multilevel subpersonal neural
networks devoid of any consciousness, subjectivity, or self-identity. While this line of theorizing views
humans as high-level automatons, I have been emphasizing the exercise of human agency."
"The explanatory issue of interest is not my transformation from behaviorism to sociocognitivism, but
rather why authors of psychological texts continue to mischaracterize my approach as rooted in
behaviorism. You ask how I would describe my early position? Social cognitivism. It emphasized that
learning is embedded in social networks and that environmental influences are largely mediated through cognitive
processes. To correct another error in many textbooks, I was not a student of Kenneth Spence. He was the
dominant force in the Iowa Department, but Arthur Benton was my academic advisor."