Transcript Observational Learning

Observational Learning
Unit 4
Lesson 3
Objectives:
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Students will describe components of
social learning theory as identified by
Bandura.
Students will identify factors that affect
learning.
Warm Up
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Using all four principles of operant conditioning, explain
how you could get my 5 yr old to eat her broccoli!
+R: She can have dessert as soon as she eats her
veggies
-R: Eat your veggies and you don’t have to finish your
chicken (which she hates)
(Premack Principle)
Pun: Sit at table until gone, yell at for not eating
OT: No tv tonight unless you eat veggies
S-A-T
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How do most children
learn new behaviors?
Copying
Cognitive Learning
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Albert Bandura
(1925-Present)
Mental process
involved in learning
Also Known As…
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Observational
Learning
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Watching and imitating
behavior of others.
Social Learning
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Observing the social
behaviors of others.
Bandura’s Study
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Bobo Doll
Kids changed
behavior w/out
rewards or shaping!
Click to watch original study footage!
4 Steps of Modeling
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Attention
Retention
Imitation/Reproduction
Motivation
T-P-S
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We want to teach our 2 year old to share
toys with her older sister, how could we
do this through observational/social
learning?
Model sharing & cooperative behaviors (set
table, pass food, make bed, clean up together)
Effects of Social Learning
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Vicarious Learning
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Disinhibition
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Seeing another rewarded
or punished influences our
behavior
Observing others do w/out
punishment helps us do it
Self-Efficacy
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Observing others similar to
us succeed or fail
influences our perceptions
of success or failure at
same activity.
Part II: Learning Leftovers
Learning Complicated Tasks
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Shaping
Chaining: Responses that follow one another in
sequence until no further action is required.
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Soda from machine
Factors That Affect Learning
1. Feedback
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Finding out results of
action or performance
Factors That Affect Learning
2. Transfer
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Effects of past learning
on ability to learn new
things.
+ Transfer: If old helps
you learn new
- Transfer: If old gets in
way of learning new
Factors That Affect Learning
3. Practice
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Repetition of a task,
to tie responses
together
Best over time, not all
at once!
Negative Learning
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Learned Laziness
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If rewards come
without effort, person
never learns to work.
Social Loafing
Learned Helplessness
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFmFOmprTt0
If pain/failure comes
no matter what, no
matter how hard you
try, a person gives up.
Seligman Studies on Learned
Helplessness
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Pessimistic Explanatory
Style:
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Personal – see selves as
problem (internalized)
Permanent – see
problem as
unchangeable
Pervasive – see problem
affecting all aspects of
life
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If unable to control
events in life:
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Less motivated to act
Lowered sense selfesteem
Apathy, submission
Depression
Positive Psychology