Transcript Equine Instruction - Part 2

Classical Conditioning
UCS= Unconditioned
Stimulus
UCR=
Unconditioned Response
CS=
Conditioned Stimulus
CR= Conditioned
Response
*’conditioned’ can be
replaced with ‘learnt’
Operant Conditioning
Skinner carried out many
experiments to show that
animals such as rats and
chicken could learn to
make choices based upon
positive and negative
responses/reinforcers. Rats
learnt to press levers and
chickens learnt to peck
keys to receive food
rewards.
Latent Learning
Gaining knowledge
‘passively’ but
delaying the demonstration of
knowledge or performance
of behaviour
Requires motivation and an evident
Reinforcement, most common example is
maze learning or finding the way home.
Thought to be the association of stimuli within a sequence
Habituation
A simple form of learning where an animal learns to make
reduce and then stop making behavioural responses to a
specific stimuli.
This is a very functional
behaviour for animals.
When actively performing habituation it is
usually carried out in a systematic
desensitisation procedure and starts with the
stimuli at a mild level with gradual progression.
Classical conditioning can also be used.
Insight
A mental form of trial and
error, being able to figure
something out without
trying, just looking.
It is thought by most that only
humans have insight, but it
has been suggested that
larger apes perform insight
behaviour also.
Biology of Learning
When an animal makes an association between a stimulus and
a consequence/behaviour neural connections are made in
the brain. When the association is repeated the connection
gets strengthened allowing for quicker behavioural
responses or habituation.
Learning Summary
Animals and people learn mostly by
making links or associations and can
often make these associations
through positive or negative
consequences.
Theory
application
• Classical
Conditioning
An animal taken to the vet when experiencing pain
can act fearfully of vets in the future.
Pain (UCS)
Fear (UCR)
Pain (UCS)+ Vet
Fear (UCR)
Vet (CS)
Fear (CR)
Likewise a horse that is restricted in grazing by an
electric wire.
Pain from shock (UCS)
Fear (UCR)
Pain (UCS)+ Wire
Fear (UCR)
Wire (CS)
Fear (CR)
Can be positive too...
Food (UCS)
Pleasant Feeling (UCR)
Food (UCS)+ Bucket
Pleasant Feeling(UCR)
Bucket (CS)
Anticipation of food (CR)
in Horses
Theory application in Horses
Operant Conditioning
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Horse wants to eat grass,
delay freedom to reduce bad
behaviour on lead.
Horse being stubborn not walking, wants to stand
(reward), delay stand to reduce stubborn ness.
Negative Punishment
Positive Punishment
Theory application in Horses
• Latent Learning
Theory application in Horses
• Habituation
Theory Application in Horses
• Social Learning