Transcript Chapter 9 Learning: Principles and Applications

Something to Think About
 Please
take the next five minutes to
address the following questions on a
piece of paper:
 What is learning?
 What are some things that you have
learned throughout your life (not just
formally or in school)?
 How have you learned these things?
Chapter 5
Learning
 Relatively
permanent change in behavior
or knowledge that results from past
experience
Classical Conditioning
 Ivan
Pavlov –
Russian physiologist
 Repeatedly pairing
a neutral stimulus
with a responseproducing stimulus
until the neutral
stimulus elicits the
same response
Pavlov’s Dogs
Classical Terminology
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Neutral Stimulus (NS): does not initially elicit
a response
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): elicits a
certain, predictable response; automatic
Unconditioned Response (UCR): natural
reaction to a stimulus; automatic
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): once neutral, but
after being paired with a UCS, it elicits a
response; learned
Conditioned Response (CR): learned reaction
to a conditioned stimulus; learned
Classical Diagram
(UCS)  (UCR)
(NS) + (UCS)  (UCR)
(CS)  (CR)
Pavlov’s Dogs
(UCS) meat  (UCR) salivate
(NS) bell + (UCS) meat  (UCR) salivate
(CS) bell  (CR) salivate
CC with Puddy!
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(UCS)

(NS)

(CS)
 (UCR)
+(UCS)
(UCR)
 (CR)
Squeak!
Squeak!
Squeak!
Expanding Classical
Conditioning
 Generalization:
responding to a second
stimulus that’s similar to the original CS
 Discrimination: ability to distinguish
between different stimuli
 Extinction: gradual disappearance of a
CR when the CS is repeatedly presented
without the UCS
 Spontaneous recovery: reappearance of
a previously extinguished response
after time without exposure to the CS
More Classical Conditioning
John Watson
 Behaviorism:
emphasizes observable
behaviors
 Little Albert
 CC Drug Effects
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Caffeine + smell
Placebo response
Taste aversion