Transcript Section 4- Turning Points of the War

QOTD: Day 2
 What
is a siege?
The Western Campaign
 MS
River is the main focus of
Western campaign
 Confederates
still have strongholds at
Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA
The Siege of Vicksburg
 Grant
marches south of Vicksburg in
LA
 Attack
on rail line in central MS to
draw attention away from Vicksburg
 March
NE to capture Jackson, MS
The Siege of Vicksburg
 Gain
control of main rail line
 Vicksburg
is now cut off
 May
22- Grant lays siege for 1 month
 Fire
from land and river
The Siege of Vicksburg
 Confederates
surrender due to lack of
supplies and constant fire
 July
4, 1863
 Port
Hudson surrendered days later
 Confederacy
now cut in 2
Battle of Fredericksburg
 Ambrose
Burnside placed in charge
of Army of the Potomac
 Dec. 1862- Army of Potomac vs.
Army of Northern VA
 Lee defeats the new commander
 Union
suffers 2x casualties of
Confederates
Battle of Chancellorsville
 Gen.
Joseph Hooker replaces
Burnside
 South
wins again, but Stonewall
Jackson is mortally wounded
 Dies a few days later
 Lee
decides to invade PA
Invasion of the North
 Goals:
 Win
international support for
Confederacy
 Demoralize
 Force
the Union
an end to the war
The Battle of Gettysburg
 Lee hopes to capture footwear factory
 Army
of Potomac under the
leadership of Gen. Meade
 July
1- Northern Gen. Buford spreads
army out NW of town
 Calls for reinforcements
The Battle of Gettysburg
 1st
day- Confederate victory
 Push
North to higher ground to the
south
 Nightfall
position
helps strengthen Union
The Battle of Gettysburg
 Union
digs trench from Culp’s Hill and
Cemetery Hill to Cemetery Ridge
 Line
extends to Little and Big Round
Top
 Union
held the high ground
The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2
 Confederates attack the Northern and
Southern ends of the Union line
 Union
abandoned Little Round Top
 Rebels
failed to breach the Union line
The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2
 Union
forces led by Col. Chamberlain
recapture Little Round Top
 Met
Confederates at top
 Union ran low on ammo
 Chamberlain orders bayonet charge
 100’s
of Confederates surrender
The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 3
3rd- Lee orders artillery attack
with cannons at Cemetery Ridge
 July
 Gen.
George Pickett orders fateful
“Pickett’s Charge” up the ridge
 1000’s
of Confederates mowed down
Gettysburg and the Aftermath
 50,000 lay dead/wounded
½
Confederates, 1/3 of Lee’s total
fighting force
 Invasion
of the North abandoned
 Confederates
retreated to VA
The Gettysburg Address
 Nov.
1863- Lincoln travels to
Gettysburg to dedicate a cemetery to
the fallen soldiers
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story
.php?storyId=1512410
 Preserve
the US- a nation dedicated
to the “proposition that all men are
created equal
Outcome of Battles
 Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg
were w/in 1 day of each other
 MS
river was in Union hands
 No
help from Europe
 Confederates
still won a few battles
(Chickamauga,GA in 1863)
The Overland Campaign
 1864- Grant recalled from the west
 Lincoln
puts him in charge of the
entire Union Army
 Sets
sights on Richmond, VA
The Overland Campaign
 Higher
% casualties for Confederates
 Northern
public outraged by 100’s of
1000’s of casualties on both sides
 Grant
uses total war- attack civilian
and military targets
 Destroy economy that supports
enemy and will of the people
Sherman’s March to the Sea
 Gen.
William Tecumseh Sherman
also uses total war
 Goal:
 Loot
capture Savannah, GA
for supplies, destroy anything of
value left behind
 RR tracks, buildings, private homes
Sherman’s March to the Sea
 Confederates abandon ATL as he
closes in
 Sherman
does not, his forces burn
40% of ATL to the ground
 Captures
Savannah in late Dec.
Exit Slip
 How
did the two battles from
today turn the tide of the war
in favor of the North?