Transcript Chapter 19 The second turning point: Gettysburg, Vicksburg

CHAPTER 19
THE SECOND TURNING
POINT: GETTYSBURG,
VICKSBURG, &
CHATTANOOGA
Bethany Zelusky
The Gettysburg Campaign
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Lee hoped to invade the North, especially PA, for
farmland and supplies.
Stripped the PA countryside of horses, livestock, and
food.
Promised to pay stores with Confederate money.
 Bought
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shoes and clothing
Levied tribute on merchants and banks
Rounded up black people and sent them south
 Claimed
they were escaped slaves
The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863).
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Union Commander: George G. Meade
Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee
July 1st
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Confederates close in quickly on Gettysburg.
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Small amount of Union forces had to hold CSS off until
reinforcements came.
Union 11th Corps take position in Northern part of town.
 Lee arrives mid-afternoon
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Commands Ewell to take Cemetery Hill, if he can
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Ewell decides not to attack
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July 2nd
 Union
took position in a fishhook shape, while
Confederates are positioned in a concave line.
 Longstreet made a primary assault on Union left, while
Ewell attacked on Cemetery and Culp’s Hills
 Sickle (Union) advanced his corps to Emmitsburg Rd,
leaving Little Round Top undefended
 Union held onto Little Round Top; Sickle driven back to
the Peach Orchard, the Wheat Field, & Devil’s Den
 CSS gives up attack by dusk
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July 3
CSS held some Union trenches on Culp’s Hill
 Union reinforcements drove CSS off Cemetery Hill &
stopped near Culp’s Hill
 Lee decided on an assault on the Union center
 1:00 p.m. Pickett’s Charge – CSS & Union exchange heavy
fire until the Union stopped firing and CSS thought the Union
artillery was disabled
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CSS approached and Union ran forward & attacked
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Video
Quote Pg 356
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July 4th
 Quote
Pg 358
 Lee began to retreat to Virginia
 Union follows and corners them
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Night of July 13th – 14th
 CSS
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escaped across the river
Quote Pg. 358
The Fall of Vicksburg
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Union Commander: Grant
Confederate Commander: General Pemberton
Since the unsuccessful assault on May 22, the Union
tightened their lines around the city
Confederates became very low on supplies
 Mass
starvation, no artillery
 Quote Pg 359 & 360
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July 4th – Vicksburg garrison surrenders
Quotes Pg 361
Joseph Johnston
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Rounded up men to fight
against the Union
July 4th – Sherman’s
troops go after
Johnston’s army
July 16th – Johnston
withdrew & left central
Mississippi to the Union
Quote Pg 359
The Fall of Port Hudson
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Union General Banks besieged Fort Hudson
Tried 2 assaults that didn’t work
 May
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27th and June 14th
Decided to starve out the Confederate Garrison
July 8th – Confederates surrendered
Mississippi River completely under Union control
Quote Pg 361
The Confederates Retreat from
Tennessee
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Bragg’s army retreats from Tennessee
June 23rd – Rosecrans began to move the Union
army through the Cumberland Foothills
 Calvary
& 1 Infantry corps to the West Gap & 3 corps
to the other Gaps
 Confederates
surprised & Bragg is forced to Tullahoma then
again to Chattanooga
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Union began toward Chattanooga
September 9th – Bragg evacuates
The Battle of Chickamauga
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Bragg sent deserters to trick Rosecrans into thinking CSS
is retreating, causing Rosecrans to decide to move his
army.
September 18th – CSS tried to cut Union off from their
base
September 19th – CSS attacks forced Union to contract
their lines
CSS cut off 2 Union divisions from the rest of the Union
army
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Rosecrans fled to Chattanooga
Quote Pg 363
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Thomas (Union) kept 2/3 of the army fighting and
formed a new line
 At
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night, they withdrew toward Chattanooga
Quote Pg 365
Confederate tactical victory
Confederate casualties = 18,455
Union casualties = 16,170
The Battles for Chattanooga
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October 27th – 2 columns of Union army marched to
attack CSS outposts guarding roads to the ferry
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Union brigade drifted downriver to Brown’s Ferry
Grant commands Sherman’s 4 divisions to attack the
North end of the ridge, Hooker’s 3 divisions to force
their way over or around Lookout Mountain and cross
the valley to Missionary Ridge to attack the CSS, &
Thomas’s army to prevent CSS reinforcements from
being sent
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Quote Pg 366
The War & Foreign Policy, 1863
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Napoleon III talked with pro-Confederate members
of the British Parliament about a movement to
recognize the South.
John Roebuck was selected to present the motion to
British Parliament, but Parliament became angry at
the idea of following French leadership.
Quote Pg 369
The Laird Rams
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James D. Bulloch went to England to buy or build warships
for the Confederacy.
Under England’s Neutrality Act of 1819, it was “forbidden
to equip, furnish, fit out, or arm warships to be used against
any nation with which Britain was at peace”.
Bulloch found a way around the law and built the commerce
raiders, Florida and the Alabama.
The British government later found out, but Bulloch continued
to build the ships there but not arm them while in England.
Later, the British government took the ships and purchased
them for use in the Royal Navy.
Intrigues in Mexico
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1863 – Confederacy would recognize the Frenchcontrolled regime in Mexico if the French
recognized the Confederacy.
Napoleon III didn’t want to risk a war with the U.S