Transcript The Civil War - Marion County Public Schools

1860- 1865
Total Slave Holders in 1860
Farms Larger than 1000
Acres in 1860
Red – Lincoln
Yellow – Bell
Blue – Douglas
Green –
Breckinridge
Purple – NonVoting Territories
November 6, 1860: Lincoln Elected President
December 20, 1860: South Carolina secedes
January 9, 1861: Mississippi secedes
January 10, 1861: Florida secedes
January 11, 1861: Alabama secedes
January 19, 1861: Georgia secedes
January 26, 1861: Louisiana secedes
February 1, 1861: Texas secedes
March 4, 1861: Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated
December 20, 1860
April 17, 1861- Virginia secedes
May 6, 1861- Arkansas secedes
May 20, 1861- North Carolina secedes
June 8, 1861- Tennessee secedes
Border states loyal to Union: Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland, Delaware.
1863 - West Virginia seceded from Virginia
North
South
 Fighting a defensive war in
 Population of about 22




million people
About 90% of the nations
manufacturing
More farms to provide food
for Union troops
About 21,000 miles of
railroad tracks
Most of the nation’s banks
located in the North




their own territory
Strong military leadership
Defending their homeland
gave them a strong reason
to fight
Had skills that made them
good soldiers
Moral: fighting to maintain
way of life
North
South
 Military leadership
 More than 1/3rd of the
 They were invading
unfamiliar land
 Fighting to keep the
Union




population was enslaved;
therefore they had fewer
people that could be soldiers
Population of 9 million
Few factories
9,000 miles of railroad lines
Money invested in land and
slaves
 Weapons- During the civil war, rifles became more




accurate and cannons larger
Ironclads- Steel/Metal ships
Telegraph- Allowing almost instant communication over
great distances was utilized greatly during the Civil War
Railroads- Allowed transportation of men and supplies
Medicine- Medical education increased, seeing a rise in
medical schools across the country, triage, evacuation of
the wounded, field care, embalming, amputations, and
anesthetics were used and improved during the war
Abraham Lincoln
Hannibal Hamlin
General
Significant Battles
Ulysses S. Grant
Shiloh, Vicksburg, The
Wilderness, Cold Harbor,
Petersburg, Appomattox
Courthouse
George McClellan
First Battle of Bull Run,
Second Battle of Bull Run,
Antietam
George Meade
Second Battle of Bull Run,
Antietam, Fredricksburg,
Chancellorsville, Antietam,
Gettysburg, The Wilderness,
Cold Harbor
Joseph Hooker
Antietam, Chancellorsville,
Chattanooga
Winfield Scott
“The Anaconda Plan”
Irvin McDowell
Bull Run, Second Manassas
Ulysses S. Grant
George
McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Winfield Scott
George Meade Irwin McDowel
 General Winfield
Scott’s plan included:
 A blockade of
Southern ports
 Control of the
Mississippi River
 Uni0n troops moving
east from the
Mississippi to squeeze
the life out of the
Deep South
 Invading Virginia to
capture the
Confederate capitol of
Richmond
President Jefferson
Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
General
Significant Battles
James Longstreet
Williamsburg, Second
Manassas, Antietam,
Gettysburg
George Pickett
Fredricksburg,
Gettysburg, Petersburg
Robert E. Lee
Second Manassas
Antietam
Fredericksburg
Gettysburg
The Wilderness
Petersburg
Appomattox
“Stonewall”
Jackson
First Manassas
Second Manassas
Antietam
Fredericksburg
Chancellorsville
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
Shiloh
James Longstreet
George Pickett
Robert E. Lee
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
“Stonewall”
Jackson
 First battle of the Civil War
 Fought between a Union army of 28,000 and Confederate





army of 33,000
July 21, 1861
The Generals: Union- General Irvin McDowell and General
Robert Patterson Confederate- General Joseph E. Johnston,
and General Pierre G.T. Beauregard
The battle proved this would not be a one sided easy war, as
was predicted
The Union was defeated by confederate forces
The battle spurred a sense of victory in the South and in
the North a feeling of revenge
Confederate
Victory
The USS Monitor
The CSS
Merrimack
 The first battle of iron armored battleships
 March 9, 1862
Draw
 Location: The James River
 It was history’s first duel of iron clad warships and the
beginning of a new era of naval war fare
 Marked an end of wooden navies and raised hope in
the South that the Union blockade might be broken
 April 6-7 1862
 Harding County, Tennessee
 Could have been a huge victory for the Confederacy,
however with its loss and the immense loss of human
life on both sides, leaders began to realize the civil war
would not end quickly
 23,746 total causalities
Union
Victory
Shiloh
 August 29-30, 1862
 Fought on almost the same battle field as the first
Battle of Bull Run
 Robert E. Lee further cemented his reputation of a
great general
Confederate
Victory
 September 16-18, 1862
 Washington County, Maryland
 Lee hoped a show of Confederate strength would convince





Maryland to join the South
General Grant described, “It would have been possible to walk
across the clearing in any direction stepping on bodies without a
foot touching the ground.
This would be the bloodiest single day of the war- 23,000
casualties
The Confederacy lost the chance of support by England and
France and Lee lost ¼ of his army
Union Victory forced Lee back to the South
Lee’s failure gave Abraham Lincoln the chance to issue the
“Emancipation Proclamation” after Antietam
Union
Victory
 President Abraham Lincoln
issued the Emancipation
Proclamation on January 1, 1863,
as the nation approached its third
year of bloody civil war. The
proclamation declared "that all
persons held as slaves" within the
rebellious states "are, and
henceforward shall be free."
 Despite this expansive wording,
the Emancipation Proclamation
was limited in many ways. It
applied only to states that had
seceded from the Union, leaving
slavery untouched in the loyal
border states.
 The North and South had run out of volunteers to fill their
armies.
 In 1862, the Confederacy passed the nation’s first draft law.
This law said that all white men aged 18-35 could be called
for three years of military service.
 A year later the North passed a similar law that drafted men
aged 20-45. (Federal Draft Act)
 Under both laws, a drafted man could avoid the army by
paying a substitute to take his place. This led to charges that
the conflict was “a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight”.
Draft riots directed at African Americans occurred in New
York City over bitterness of being drafted to free slaves—
1000 people killed or wounded
 Also in 1863, President Lincoln suspends the writ of
Habeas Corpus (Habeas Corpus prevents the
government from holding citizens without formally
charging them with a crime)
 Allowed the Union to jail suspected opponents
indefinitely, but Lincoln saw it as necessary to keep
Maryland and Delaware from seceding after prosecession mobs attacked a Union regiment passing
through Baltimore.
 Lincoln also faced the challenge of leading a Union
that was far from united.
 One wing of the Democratic party did not believe the
cost of the war-in lives, money and civil liberties-was
justified. They also didn’t think emancipation was a
worthy war objective and favored immediate peace
with the Confederacy.
 Republicans nicknamed these critics “Copperheads”
 As men went off to war, women took their places on the




home front. Many women went to work for the first time in
factories. Others found jobs as nurses, teachers, or
government workers
Women also served the military forces on both sides as
messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and spies.
Dorothea Dix was appointed to Director of the Union
army’s nursing services
Clara Barton, followed Union armies into battle as a field
nurse and would later be the founder of the American Red
Cross
3,000 women served as nurses to the Union army
Clara Barton-Nurse
Belle BoydConfederate Spy
Rose GreenhowConfederate Spy
Elizabeth
Van LewUnion Spy
Pauline CushmanUnion Spy
 At the beginning of the war, the South placed an embargo
on cotton exports in an attempt to force Europe to recognize
the Confederacy.
 Great Britain had a surplus of cotton and was developing
new sources of supply, so the embargo failed.
 Without income, the South couldn’t imported needed goods
to fight a long war and shortage of goods lead to rising
prices. By 1863, food costs rose 1000%.
 In April 1863, a bread riot broke out in Richmond, VA with
100s of women breaking windows and stealing food, shoes,
etc. President Davis threatened to have troops fire on the
rioters, so the women went home. Similar riots broke out
throughout the South.
Union
Victory
 October 8, 1862
 Confederate General Braxton Bragg led his army into
Kentucky as an attempt to regain control of Tennessee
and possibly bring Kentucky into the Confederacy
 Fought to the draw by the Union army, Bragg was
forced to withdraw and Confederate hopes for
Kentucky were dashed
 Total estimate casualties: 7,621
 May 1-4, 1863
 Lincoln’s quest for a winning general continued with
Joseph Hooker, at Chancellorsville he was totally out
maneuvered by Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson
 This battle was the greatest Confederate victory of the
war
 Stonewall Jackson was accidently shot by his own
troops at this battle and died a week later.
Confederate
Victory
 May 19-July 4, 1863
 In an attempt to control the Mississippi River, General
Ulysses S. Grant attacked the areas around Vicksburg
and shelled the city from one side while the Union
gunboats attacked from the River
 Confederate reinforcements failed to show up
 Confederacy surrenders on July 4, 1863
 Estimated Casualties: 19, 233
Union
Victory
Union
Victory








July 1-3, 1863-Pennsylvania
General George Meade-Commanding Union General
General Robert E. Lee-Commanding Confederate General
Lee invaded the North a second time with 75,000 troops
meeting 95,000 Union troops at Gettysburg
“Pickett’s Charge”- 15,000 Confederate troops charge Union
forces led by George Pickett, 2/3 of the men die
End of the Confederate offensive in the North
More than 17,500 Union soldiers and 23,000 Confederate
troops were killed or wounded in the 3 day battle
Turning point of the Civil War-Only a Confederate
defensive war from here out
 November 19, 1863
 Lincoln reiterate (reminds) the nation’s fundamental
principle that all men are created equal
 Gives the address during the dedication of the Union
Cemetery at Gettysburg
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a
new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men
are created equal"
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation
so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle
field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place
for those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety
do. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can
not hallow, this ground-- The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here,
have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did
here.
It is rather for us, the living, to stand here, we here be dedicated to the great task
remaining before us -- that, from these honored dead we take increased devotion
to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we
here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, shall
have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people by the people for
the people, shall not perish from the earth.
 May- December 1864
 General William Tecumseh Sherman and his men set
fire to the city of Atlanta, GA, the South’s most
important rail and manufacturing center
 After burning Atlanta, Sherman marched his army
toward Savannah, promising to “make Georgia howl”
 During Sherman’s march through Georgia, his troops
destroyed everything they found of value. Fields were
trampled and burned, houses were ransacked, hay and
food supplies were burned
 May 5-6, 1864
 Grant invaded Virginia with a force of more than
100,000 men. They met Lee’s army of 60,000 in a dense
forest known as “The Wilderness”. In two days of fierce
fighting, Grant lost 18,000 men. Despite the heavy
losses, Grant would not retreat. He followed Lee’s army
to Cold Harbor where he lost 7,000 men in 15 minutes
of fighting.
Draw
• During the
campaign Lincoln
doubted he would
be reelected
• The large number
of casualties
suffered by his
forces appalled
many voters
• Lincoln won the
popular vote and he
won the electoral
college by 212 to 21
Abraham Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
 June 20, 1864-April 2, 1865 (10 month siege)
 The fourth and final battle between Grant and Lee
 Lee finally halted Grant’s drive toward Richmond but
could not defeat him
 Grant’s losses almost equaled Lee’s army, but he was
able to reinforce his army with fresh troops. Lee could
not
 First use of trench war fare
 Richmond finally fell on April 2, 1865
 April3, 1865-Union troops conquer Richmond, the
Confederate capitol (Southerners had abandoned the city
and caught it on fire to avoid the North capturing it.)
 April 9, 1865-Lee and Grant met at a farmhouse in
Appomattox Court House (village) to arrange a
Confederate surrender
 Grant releases Confederate soldiers and sent them home
with possessions and three days rations
 Officers were permitted to keep side arms. Lincoln tells
Grant: “Give them the most liberal terms, let them have
their horses to plow with, and if you like, their guns to
shoot crow with, I want no one punished.”
 Differing View Points—Read pp. 130-131 of History
Alive
 Shelby Foote: “It Made Us an ‘Is’”
 Eric Foner: “A New Birth of Freedom”
Answer this question: How did
the Civil War change the
United States?
Ford’s TheatreWashington D.C.
 April 14, 1865 (5 days after the end of the Civil War)
 While attending the play “Our American Cousin” at
Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. President Lincoln
was shot in the back of the head by John Wilkes Booth
an actor and Confederate sympathizer. After shooting
Lincoln, Booth jumped on state from the balcony and
escaped through the back door.
 Lincoln was quickly rushed to a physicians house
across the street and lived for a few hours after being
shot
Amendment
Defined
Thirteenth
Amendment
Abolishment of slavery- “Neither Slavery nor
involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,
shall exist within the United States.”
Fourteenth
Amendment
Citizenship and civil rights for all United States
citizens- “life, liberty or property, without due process
of law" or to "deny to any person within its
jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
Fifteenth
Amendment
Citizens right to vote- “Shall not be denied…on
account of race, color or previous condition of
servitude.”