Transcript Overview of the civil war - Social Studies Resources for Ohio 4th

1861-1865
THE WAR BETWEEN STATES
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The war lasted from
1861 to 1865
The war started and
ended at Wilmer
McLean’s house
Picture Credit:
http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg
MAIN CAUSES
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State’s Rights
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Slavery
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Preserving the Union
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Slave vs. Free States
Picture Credit: http://www.disciples.org/convo/Slavery.jpg
Picture Credit: http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/cwar-pix/civmap.gif
North
South
23 States
11 States
Union
Confederate
Yankee
Rebel
Blue Coats
Grey Coats
United States of America Confederate States of
America
Washington D.C.
Richmond, Virginia
Free states
Slave states
North vs. South
Small Towns
Larger Cities
and Farms
and Towns
More Work
Work in
Farms
on Farms
Factories
Against lower
taxes on imported
goods
Slavery was mostly
outlawed
Happy about lower
taxes on imported
goods
Slavery was
allowed
p.55
NORTH AND SOUTH…
ISSUE OF TAXES
North
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Wanted higher tariffs
on imported goods
because wanted to
encourage Americans
to buy goods from the
North
South

Wanted lower tariffs
on imported goods
because wanted
cheaper goods from
Great Britain
NORTH AND SOUTH…
ISSUE OF SLAVERY
North
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Slavery was outlawed in
most northern states by
1850.
Northern workers were free
and were paid for their
work.
Although, in many northern
factories, workers put in
long hours, under difficult
conditions, for low pay.
South
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Slavery was allowed in
southern states.
Enslaved people grew crops
such as cotton, tobacco,
and rice.
Important to the economy
In 1850, 6 of every 10
slaves worked in cotton
fields. Remember…”King
Cotton”
SLAVERY…WHY HAVE IT?
THE SOUTH’S POINT OF VIEW
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Slaves grew lots of crops
such as cotton, tobacco, and
rice.
Slavery was profitable to the
economy.
The goods an enslaved
person produced brought in
twice as much money as the
cost of owning the slave.
Slaves were better off than
factory workers. (bad
conditions; long hours, little
pay)
THE NORTH’S POINT OF VIEW
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Abolitionists believed it was
wrong for one human to own
another.
Many slaves were
mistreated.
Slaves did not have the same
rights as a free white man.
p.56, 57,
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
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He was born Feb. 12, 1809.
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Lincoln was the central figure
of the Civil War, and is
regarded by many historians
and others as one of our
greatest Presidents.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
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On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation
Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves
within the Confederacy.

Appointed Ulysses S. Grant to lead the Union.

Lincoln's achievements--saving the Union and freeing
the slaves--and his martyrdom just at the war's end
assured his continuing fame.
ULYSSES S. GRANT
(UNION)
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Lincoln appointed him Generalin-Chief in March 1864.
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Finally, on April 9, 1865, at
Appomattox Court House, Lee
surrendered to Grant.
JEFFERSON DAVIS

President of the Confederate
States of America (South)
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Davis was responsible for the
raising of the Confederate
armies.
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He appointed General Robert E.
Lee as commander of the Army
of Virginia.
ROBERT E. LEE
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General of the Confederate Army
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On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Ulysses
S. Grant.
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
Fort Sumter – first battle of the Civil War
 Gettysburg – important battle for the North
 Emancipation Proclamation – end of slavery
 Gettysburg Address – inspired Union soldiers
 Appomattox Courthouse – end of the Civil War
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EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR
creation of a single unified country
 ending of slavery
 increased power to federal government
 U.S. now an industrial nation
 a stronger sense of nationalism
 western lands increasingly opened to
settlement
 South was economically and physically
devastated, with the plantation system
crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the
U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North
remained...
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THE CIVIL WAR:
IMPORTANT
PEOPLE
Research Important People & Share Findings
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
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Publisher of the
abolitionist
newspaper known as
The Liberator
Used the newspaper
to tell everyone that
slavery was wrong
and should be
abolished
immediately
Along with others, he
formed the American
Anti-slavery Society.
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
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The American Antislavery Society
published books and
papers advocating the
emancipation of all
slaves
His newspaper was
banned in the South.
He was often
harassed because
many Northerners
also opposed his
views
SOJOURNER TRUTH
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1st African American
woman to gain
recognition as an antislavery speaker
Was born a slave in New
York but was freed
through gradual
emancipation
Had a powerful speaking
style and drew large
crowds when she
lectured about slavery
and women’s rights
SOJOURNER TRUTH

President Lincoln
appointed her as a
counselor to the
freedmen in Washington
during the Civil War
FREDERICK DOUGLASS
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Taught himself to read
and write while he
was a slave
Escaped slavery and
became an eloquent
spokesman for the
abolition movement
Published an
antislavery newspaper
called The North Star
HARRIET TUBMAN
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An escaped slave who
became one of the most
successful “conductors”
of the Underground
Railroad
Known as “Moses” of her
people because she led
more than 300 slaves out
of the South, including
South Carolina, to
freedom
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
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Author of the book Uncle
Tom’s Cabin
Book became a best
seller and revealed the
cruelty of slavery to many
Northerners
Wrote the book in
response to the Fugitive
Slave Act that was passed
as part of the 1850
Compromise
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
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During the Civil War, she
often disagreed with
President Lincoln
because of his concern
with preserving unity of
the nation and his need
to postpone freeing the
slaves.
JOHN BROWN
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An abolitionist who migrated
to Kansas after the KansasNebraska Act declared that
territory would decide by
popular sovereignty whether
it would be slave or free
In Kansas, Brown and his
sons participated in the
violence that gave the
territory the name “Bleeding
Kansas”.
JOHN BROWN
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Most Infamous Action: Led
a raid on the U.S. arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry in Virginia in
hopes of capturing guns and
leading a slave revolt-- was
unsuccessful
He and his followers were
captured by federal troops
under the leadership of
General Robert E. Lee
JOHN BROWN
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He was tried, found guilty of
treason, and hanged.
John Brown was hailed a
martyr by many Northern
abolitionists but he raised
great fear among
Southerners and further
divided the North and
South.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
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Being commander-in-chief of
Union army, it was his job to
name commanders in the field
He changed generals frequently
until he found Ulysses S. Grant
Issued the Emancipation
Proclamation
Was assassinated shortly after
the surrender at Appomattox
Courthouse
ULYSSES S. GRANT
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General in Union Army
Under his leadership, the
Union Army employed a new
strategy of total war.
He accepted the surrender
of the Confederate troops
under Robert E. Lee at
Appomattox Courthouse.
JEFFERSON DAVIS
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President of the Confederate
States of America and also
commander-in-chief of the
Confederate Army
Did not have to look for a good
general because Robert E. Lee
assumed the leadership of the
Army of Northern Virginia
Had little power because the
Confederate states believed in
states’ rights
ROBERT E. LEE
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Leader of the Army of Northern
Virginia in the Confederate Army
Led his army to victory in many
battles at the beginning of the
Civil War using tried and true
strategies
At Gettysburg, Lee ordered a
frontal assault on Union lines
and many of his soldiers were
killed as a result of the accuracy
of new rifles
ROBERT E. LEE
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As the war progressed,
the Union Army killed so
many Confederate
soldiers that his army was
almost destroyed,
particularly at Gettysburg.
Lee surrendered to
General Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse.
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It freed the slaves
only in states that
have seceded
from the Union.
It did not free
slaves in border
states.
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Lincoln’s goal of the war was to absolve slavery
in the United States.
 He believed “slavery must die so that the
nation might live.”
 On January 1, 1863, Lincoln gave a statement
that freed all slaves in the Confederate states
at war with the Union.
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