Transcript 13.1 Manifest Destiny

13.1 MANIFEST DESTINY
13.2 MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR
MANIFEST DESTINY
• What is Manifest Destiny? What were the reasons for it?
• Wanting the US to expand (west). Used racial, religion, American
spirit, history to promote
• Where did Americans want?
• California, Oregon, Texas (New Mexico)
• Why did people settle in Texas? Who owned Texas?
• Mexico owned Texas, wanted Cotton farming land, Mexican
government gave tax breaks and encouraged Americans to come
• The country of Texas?
• Texas gains its Independence from Mexico in 1836…
MANIFEST DESTINY
• What does Texas do next?
• Tries to become a state
• What is the argument?
• North vs. South
• When does it become a state?
• After Polk wins the 1844 election, President Tyler asked Congress to
Annex…officially a state December 1845
• What is going on in Oregon?
• Mostly fur traders, some religious missionaries…disputed between US
and British… during 1840’s Americans start going more and more,
outnumber British
TRAVELING WEST
• How did people travel West?
• Overland trails
• Like the Oregon Trail?
• Yes, Oregon, California, Mormon, Santa Fe trails all important to getting
to Oregon, California, Utah
• Who traveled West?
• People with a decent amount of money looking for opportunity
• Farming families. Male businessmen, miners, speculators
• Was it dangerous
• Yes, Natives, diseases, wild nature…overall death rates no worst than
rest of the country
MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
• What is the main tension over?
• Texas- Mexico had cut off ties, Polk sends troops in case of attack
• California and New Mexico (present day NM, AZ, TX)- more
Americans moving into like they had TX- Polk tells Navy to be
ready in CA…Navy tells Americans they would support an uprising
• After US fails to buy land…fighting starts after US moves troops to
Rio Grande….Congress declares war May 13, 1846 184 vs. 16
• Did anyone oppose?
• Yes, said Polk was power hungry, should be focusing on Oregon
MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
• What was the Bear-Flag Revolt?
• Before US military officially invaded CA, rebels took over the Mexican town
of Sonoma…put a flag with a Bear on it
• Why is it important?
• Ummm millions of people live in CA, and they still have a flag with a bear
MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR
• America wins the war pretty easily…keep having to attack
before Mexico gives up…Take over CA, NM, TX, Mexico City
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• US gets= CA, NM, AZ, UT…. Mexico gets $15 million and doesn’t
have to pay for citizens living in ceded land
• Polk tries to get all of Mexico, gives up since election is coming
MANIFEST DESTINY POSTER
• Create a poster that highlights the importance of Manifest Destiny—try to
SELL it!
• Criteria:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Have a slogan to promote westward expansion
Include a relevant image
Highlight “push” factors for going west
Highlight “pull” factors for going west
Include justifications for WHY America should spread to the West.
WILMOT PROVISO
• After the Mexican War… now what??
• What was the Wilmot Proviso?= No slavery in
land from Mexico
• I have no “squeamish sensitivities” or “morbid
sympathy for the slave. . . [I am] devoted to
the rights of white freemen and white free
labor.”
--David Wilmot, 1846
David Wilmot
CALIFORNIA AND GOLD
• Where was gold discovered?
• What were the miners called?
• Population of CA- 14,000 in 1848 to 220,000 in 1852
• How did California’s admission intensify sectional rivalries?
• President Taylor called for states to decide themselves when they enter
the Union (CA and NM were free)
• What else were people
upset about?
1. California admitted as free state
2. Remaining former
Mexican territory
organized under
“popular
sovereignty”
(huh???)
3. No slave TRADE
in D.C.
4. Enhanced
Fugitive Slave
Act
--Northern states almost
immediately ignored
this new law.
COMPROMISE OF 1850
NORTHERN RESISTANCE
TO FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT
(PART OF COMPROMISE
OF 1850)
THE CRISES OF THE 1850S
1. Transcontinental Railroad
1.
2.
Where to put it? North or south?
Gadsden Purchase
2. Kansas-Nebraska Act
• (1854)
• “popular sovereignty” in territories
• Splits NE/KS
• Ends Missouri Compromise
• Ends Whig party creates
Republicans
3. “Bleeding Kansas”-fight over slavery
JOHN CALHOUN DOC
• Who was John Calhoun?
• Vice President for JQ Adams and Jackson (nullification
crisis)…War Hawk in 1812…House of Reps, Senate, Sec of
War/State
• Most known for being a Pro-Slavery advocate-cited a lot in
reasoning for succession…southern life threatened by Northern
• “Republicanism” =states rights/ “minority rights”
• Even suggested a Northern and Southern President
• Life in industrial North was worst than slave south, slaves
provided for, only way black and white could live together,
biologically better
THE CRISES OF THE 1850S
5. “Free Soil” vs. the Pro-Slavery Argument
5. Free soil—slavery preventative growth in Status…
6. The Dred Scott decision (1857)
• African-Americans were not citizens
• Slaves were property
• The national government could not interfere with property
rights (the national government could not declare regions
“free” or “slave”)
7. John Brown’s raid-anti slavery- violent in KS…then tries to
lead a slave revolt in VA (failed and is hung for treason)
POLITICAL PARTIES IN 1860
• Get into a group of 4:
• Each person in the group will find what one of the political parties wanted
during the election of 1860 (dealing with slavery)
• Honest Abe- Republicans (pg 364)=
• JC Breckinridge- Southern Dems (370) =
• Johnny Bell – Constitutional (370)=
• Steph Douglass- Northern Dems (370)=
• After everyone finds their party, share out
LINCOLN’S ELECTION—ELECTION
OF 1860
Lincoln got famous in
Lincoln-Douglass
debates running for
Senate
Morally against
slavery but didn’t
know how to make
up for it
economically
November, 1860: Lincoln wins the presidency with NO Electoral College
votes from the South.
December, 1860: South Carolina secedes from the union.
SECESSION
• After Lincoln is elected the Deep
South seceded from the Union
• Fort Sumner
• After the secession the Union
secures their offshore forts after
South took over all other
Federal property
• North running low on supplies
says going to bring food for
soldiers---South responds by
bombing it to force a surrender
• = Start of Civil War
WHO WILL WIN?
• Back in your groups:
• Make a T-Chart over the advantages that the South and the North
had:
Northern Advantages
Southern Advantages
• Military experts
Northern Advantages
Southern Advantages
• Better transportation/railroads
• Higher population (especially
free)
• More Manufacturing (clothes,
weapons etc)
• Established government(Federal)
• Banking, Importing/Exporting =
more money
• More ships/ better Navy
• Military experts
• Defensive War (local support…fight
for culture) (more support)
• Food production
• Cotton production – British help???
• Shorter lines of communication