Transcript Manifest Destiny

Definition: The belief in the
1800‘s that the US was
destined by God to expand
across the continent, from the
Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
Cowboys
Railroad
Workers
Mormons
Farmers
Native
Americans
Settlers
49ers
Cowboys
Herding cattle from
Texas to Kansas
Railroad Workers
Irish & Chinese immigrants
Dangerous & difficult work
Mormons
Found Utah for
religious freedom
Farmers
Moving west
for land
Settlers
Native Americans
Forced further west
Forced onto reservations
Economic opportunity
49ers
Land to own and farm
Gold discovered in 1848
Gold rush begins in 1849
MANIFEST DESTINY
• In the 1840s many
Americans believed that
their movement westward
was predestined by God
• Manifest Destiny was the
belief that the U.S. would
expand “from sea to shining
sea” – from the Atlantic to
the Pacific
• Westward expansion was
also helped by technology
REGIONS CREATE DIFFERENCES
• The Northeast continued to
develop industry while the
South and West continued to
be more agricultural
• The Industrial Revolution
reached America by the
early-mid 19th century
• New England first to
embrace factory system,
especially in textile (fabric)
mills
SOUTH REMAINS AGRICULTURAL
• Meanwhile, the South
continued to grow as an
agricultural power
• Eli Whitney’s invention of
the Cotton Gin (1793) made
producing cotton even more
profitable
• The South became a
“Cotton Kingdom”
• More labor was needed –
1790 = 700,000 slaves
1820 = 1,500,000 slaves
Cotton Gin quickly separated
cotton fiber from seeds
BALANCING NATIONALISM AND
SECTIONALISM
• Economic differences created
political tension between North &
South
• Tariffs (again!)
• As the regions moved apart,
politicians attempted to keep
nation together
• House Speaker Henry Clay’s
American System called for a
protective tariff, a National Bank,
and an improved infrastructure to
help travel: the Erie Canal
NEW INVENTIONS HELP EXPANSION
• 1837 – Samuel Morse
By 1854, 23,000 miles of telegraph
wire crossed the country
invented the Telegraph
• Railroads were becoming
faster and more numerous
by 1830 surpassing canals
as # 1 means of transport
• Robert Fulton invented the
Steamboat and by 1830,
200 were on the
Mississippi
• John Deere’s Steel Plow
and Cyrus McCormick’s
Reaper improved
agriculture
Clips: Texas Settlement (12:56 – 16:00)
Alamo to San Jacinto (17:00-20:30)
1. Mexico wins independence from Spain in
1821
2. Americans settle Mexico’s northern
border (Texas) but keep US customs
3. Mexican government tries to enforce new
laws that upset US settlers (like no
slavery)
4. Texans clash with
Mexican army led
by Santa Anna
5. Sam Houston &
Texan leaders
declare Texas
independent
6. Texas is a
sovereign
(independent)
nation from
1836-1846
REMEMBER THE ALAMO
• During the revolt against
•
•
•
•
THE ALAMO IN SAN ANTONIO
Mexican rule, American
Texans moved into an old
mission known as the Alamo.
After 12 days, 150 people held
off an army of 6000
The Mexican troops finally
scaled the walls and killed all
187 Americans
“Remember the Alamo!”
becomes a famous battle cry.
Why?
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MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
• In 1844 President James Polk
wanted to annex Texas (make it
part of the U.S.)
• Negotiations failed and U.S. troops
moved into Mexican territory
• America victories soon followed,
and in 1848 Mexican leader Santa
Anna admitted defeat
• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was
signed – U.S. won present-day
Texas, California, Nevada, Utah,
Arizona and parts of Colorado and
New Mexico
MEXICAN PRESIDENT
SANTA ANNA
The US enters in 1846 and the war lasts 20 months –
helps the United States reach goal of Manifest Destiny
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Mexican –American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1. Mexico agreed to accept the Rio Grande River
as the north border of Texas
2. Mexico recognized that Texas was part of the
US
3. Mexico gave up a large stretch of land between
Texas and the Pacific
CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH
• After gold was discovered at
Sutter’s Mill, migration to
California rose from 400 in
1848 to 44,000 in 1850
• Folks who rushed to San
Francisco in 1849 became
known as Forty-niners
• By 1857, the total amount of
gold mined in California
topped $2,000,000,000
UNITED STATES EXPANSION BY 1853 - MANIFEST DESTINY