Transcript Chapters 8, 9 and 13

Chapters 8 & 9
REVIEW
Second Great Awakening
• 19th century religious movement in which
individual responsibility for seeking salvation
was emphasized along with the need for
personal and social improvement
• Revivals: an emotional meeting designed to
awaken religious faith through impassioned
preaching and prayer
• Brought Christianity to enslaved African
Americans
Transcendentalism
• Philosophical and literary
movement that
emphasized living a
simple life and
celebrated the truth
found in nature and in
personal emotion and
imagination
• Civil disobedience: the
refusal to obey those
laws which are seen as
unjust in an effort to bring
about a change in
governmental policy
• Ralph Waldo
Emerson
• Henry David
Thoreau
Prison Reform
• Used her personal
experiences at a
Massachusetts jail to
pass reforms for the
mentally ill
• Emphasized the idea of
rehabilitation
• Dorothea Dix
Abolition
• Movement to end
slavery
• Emancipation: freeing
of slaves
• William Lloyd
Garrison
• David Walker
• Frederick Douglass
• Nat Turner
Women and Reform
• Cult of domesticity: belief
that women should
restrict their activities to
their home and family
• Elizabeth Cady
Stanton
• Temperance movement:
an effort to prohibit the
drinking of alcohol
• Sojourner Truth
• Seneca Falls Convention:
woman's rights
convention--the first ever
held in the United States
Manifest Destiny
• Belief that God wanted
the U.S. to expand
across the continentAmericans meant to
control the West
• Moved west for cheap
land, trade
opportunities, escape
religious persecution,
seek employment
Oregon Trail
• Started in Missouri and ended in Oregon
• Traveled with Conestoga wagons or pushed
handcarts loaded with few possessions
• Trip took months and fever, diarrhea, and cholera
killed many travelers
• By 1844 about 5,000 American settlers had arrived
in Oregon and were farming the fertile landscape
Resolving Territorial Disputes
• 1844 Democrat James K. Polk’s presidential platform
called for the annexation of the entire Oregon Territory
• Used slogan “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!”
– Referred to the latitude 54’40, the northern limit of the
disputed Oregon Territory
• By mid-1840s fur trade was in decline and England was
not as interested in the territory
• 1846 both countries agreed to extend the mainland
boundary with Canada from the Rocky Mts to the Puget
Sound (Seattle)
Texas Independence
•
Mexican gov’t encouraged American farmers to settle Texas
•
In 1821, 1823, and 1824 Mexico offered large land grants to agents called
empresarios
– These agents attracted American settlers who eagerly bought the land in return for obeying
Mexican laws and practicing Roman Catholicism
•
American colony grew in Texas so Stephen Austin (empresario) asked Mexico for
greater self-government
– Said no and threw Austin in Jail
•
War broke out- “Remember the Alamo”
•
Texas became own republic in 1836
•
Texas wanted US to annex (incorporate) them into nation but citizens divided on
another slave state coming into the union
•
1845: Texas admitted to the union
The Alamo
• Mexican president Santa Anna was upset with Austin’s request for
greater self-governance
• Marched with troops (4,000) towards San Antonio to force Texas
to obey laws he established
• At the same time, Texans began a call to arm themselves
• In late 1835 Texans attacked and were able to drive Mexican
troops from an abandoned mission known as the Alamo
• Santa Anna stormed the Alamo and all 137 U.S. defenders were
killed
– Davy Crockett
War with Mexico
• President Polk wanted war with
Mexico to gain land
• Provoked Mexicans with blockade
of Rio Grande
• US divided: North did not want war
but South did because most likely
be a slave state
• Americans sent an exploration party
into California and 11 Americans
killed- Congress declares war
• Troops pushed into New Mexico,
Cali and Mexico
• 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo
– Ended war
– US gained Cali, NM, Nevada,
Arizona and parts of Colorado and
Wyoming