Transcript Chapter 9
Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny Crossing the Appalachians • With the population growth, people needed space to expand • People started to move West • Including Daniel Boone • Term Mountain Men Expansionists Seek Manifest Destiny • John L. O'Sullivan Manifest Destiny • Belief that it was God’s plan for US to own Most of North America • Used to explain continental expansion by the United States -revitalized a sense of "mission" or national destiny for Americans The Oregon Country • Spain gave up its claim in the region in the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, and Russia gave up its claim in 1825 Overland Travelers • The Oregon Trail was one of the key overland migration routes on which pioneers traveled • spanned over half the continent as the wagon trail proceeded over 2,000 miles west Americans Migrate to Texas • Americans bought land for 12 ½ cents and acre • Had to pledge to obey Mexican laws and observe official religion Roman Catholicism Austin in Texas • Stephen F. Austin • Most successful empresario • Established a colony in Texas between the Brazos and Colorado Rivers • Led a group of Americans into Texas President James Polk • • • • Expansionist-1844 President From Tennessee: A Jackson Democrat Whig Party Declared War on Mexico -1845 “Remember the Alamo!” • 12 day siege ended when the Mexican troops scaled the walls • all 187 US defenders died and hundreds of Mexican soldiers • some estimates of 1,500 Mexicans killed Fighting in Mexico • Polk had incited the war by sending American troops into what was disputed territory, historically controlled by Mexico • General’s Winfield Scott • Zachary Taylor, invaded Mexico. Gen’s Grant and Lee fought in USA. America Achieves Manifest Destiny • Outcome of the War • Mexico lost 50,000 men and ½ of its land • America lost 13,000 men 2,000 in battle11,000 to yellow fever • US enlarged by 1/3 America Achieves Manifest Destiny • The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Negotiated by Nicholas Trist • Gadsden Purchase• 1853 President Franklin Pierce authorized James Gadsden to pay Mexico and additional $15 million for another piece of territory south of the Gila River • Established the southern border of the United States Gadsden Purchase The Wilmot Proviso • An addition put on a military appropriations bill in August 8, 1846 • Said, “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in any territory the United States might acquire as a result of the war with Mexico Northerners Supported Wilmot Proviso • Most were not abolitionists • angry with the refusal of the South to vote for internal improvements like canals and bridges • Feared slave territories would give slave states more members in Congress and deny economic opportunity to free workers • Almost all states endorsed the Wilmot Proviso The California Gold Rush • Discovered Early 1848 at Sutter’s Mill • By mid 1849, the easy gold was gone • It was backbreaking labor that yielded less and less. The California Gold Rush • 25,000 laborers migrated to California from China • San Francisco’s population skyrocketed from 400 in 1848 to 44,000 in 1850 • 49ers were prospectors who flocked to California in 1849 in the gold rush Quick Quiz What was the purpose of the Wilmot Proviso? • to ban slavery and other forms of servitude from lands won from Mexico What effect did the Wilmot Proviso have on relations between the North and the South? • It increased tensions further between the North and the South. California Gold Rush • 80,000 people migrated west in search of riches • The California gold rush was not merely an American happening--it was a world event • Chinese, Chileans, Mexicans, Irish, Germans, French, and Turks all sought their fortune in California