Transcript Ending of the Civil War

The Ending of
the Civil war
Gettysburg Address

November 19, 1863

Dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg

2 minute speech
 “Remade
“Not
America”
just a collection of individual
states – it was a unified nation”
Blacks Battle Bondage


180,000 African Americans fought for the Union

10% of the Union army

Suffered discrimination

38,000 died
Confederacy

Did not enlist until end of war

Thousand used for labor battalions


“Stomach of the Confederacy”
Revolts
Union Cont.

1862

David G. Farragut

Commander of a Union fleet


40 ships
Seized New Orleans


Confederacy’s largest city /
busiest port
Took control of much of the
lower Mississippi
Vicksburg

Ulysses S. Grant

Took northern Tennessee
 Captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
 Kentucky
 Opened gateway = Georgia
 Fought
to take Vicksburg
Confederate strongholds on the
Mississippi
 Rested on the bluffs above the river


Guns could control all water traffic
Grant
 Spring 1863
Needed to weaken Confederates
Sent
a Calvary through the heart of
Mississippi
Destroying all rail lines
Distracted Confederates
Grant moves troops South of
Sent his men in search of
Vicksburg
Confederate troops
In
18 days Union troops sacked Jackson
Mississippi
Grant

Grant rushed his troops to Vicksburg

Ordered 2 frontal attacks


May 1863


Set up a barrage of artillery
 From both the river and the land = Several hours a
day
 Food supplies ran low for
 Eating dogs and mules
City fell on July 4


Neither worked
Port Hudson, Louisiana – Last confederate holdout
Union had now cut the Confederacy in two
Confederacy Weakens

Confederacy

Gettysburg and Vicksburg cost the South much of
its manpower

Low on food, shoes, uniforms, funds, and
ammunition

Moral was weakening

Many soldiers had deserted

Many southerners began to call openly for peace
Grant / Sherman
March 1864
Lincoln
armies
appoints Grant commander of Union
Grant
appoints = William Tecumseh Sherman
Division of the Mississippi
These
war
Both
2 appointments changed the course of the
believed in waging = Total
Grant
war
wanted to decimate Lee’s army in Virginia
Sherman raided Georgia
Sherman’s March

Spring - 1864

March southeast

Created path of destruction

Burned houses, destroyed livestock

Wanted to make southerners “so sick of war that
generations would pass away before they would again
appeal to it”

By November = burned most of Atlanta

Sherman turned north to help Grant = “Wipe out Lee”
Grant Outlast Lee

Wilderness Campaign

May – June 1864

Casualties high

“Grant the Butcher”

Trench warfare
 North
could afford
casualties = South could
not
Surrender at Appomattox

April 3, 1865
 Union troops conquered Richmond --the Confederate capital
 Southerners had abandoned the city
the day before

April 9, 1865
 Appomattox Court House – Virginia
 Lee and Grant met at a private home
to arrange a Confederate surrender
Cont.

Lincoln very generous

Paroled Lee’s soldiers

Sent them home with their possessions


3 days rations
Officers could keep side arms

Within 1 month resistance collapses

4 years ------Civil War was over
Nation Changes

360,000 Union solders died

260,000 Confederates died

Increased federal governments power and
authority

Income tax
Conscription

Gave more control over individual citizens



No state ever threatened secession again
$15 Billion = Total cost of war
Revolution in Warfare

Rifle

Mini ball

Soft lead bullet

Hand grenades

Land mines

Ironclad ships --- replace wooden ships

Ramming wooden ships

Resist cannon fire and burning
War Changes Lives

13 Amendment
Ratified at the end of 1865
 Abolishing Slavery


Lincolns Assassinated
April 14, 1865
 5 days after surrender
 Lincoln and his wife = Ford’s theatre
 John Wilkes Booth

 Shot

the president in the back of his head
Lincoln never regained consciousness
 Died April 15
Lincoln

Booth caught 12 days later


Lincoln taken from
Washington to Springfield
Illinois


Shot to death
14 days
7 million Americans turned out
to mourn.

1/3 of the Unions population