Transcript The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening: A Comparison

Teacher Notes
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Vicksburg
Some historians think that Grant may
haven take Jackson as a psychological
objective letting the South know that no
longer were their state capitols even safe.
Lesson 17.3b:
The Tide of War Turns
In the South
Essential Question
What events
made it possible
for the North to
turn the
outcome of the
Civil War to their
favor?
Vocabulary
siege: a military act of surrounding a city
or base, attacking it, and cutting off
supplies. The goal of a siege is to
force the city or fort to surrender.
objective: goal; the desired results to be
accomplished by a military action
discontent: not satisfied; restless; not
pleased
What we already know.
Lee' strategy was in
hoping that a
Confederate victory in
Union territory would
fuel Northern
discontent and lead
European nations to
give diplomatic
recognition and aid to
the Confederacy.
What we know
Lee’s hopes for a
Confederate victory in
the North were crushed
at Gettysburg. Lee
retreated to Virginia.
What we already know…
The Union strategy for winning the war,
known as the Anaconda plan:
1. naval blockade of the
Confederate coastline.
2. gain control of the
Mississippi River to
cut the Confederacy in
two.
3. capture Richmond.
What we already know…
Moving north after capturing
New Orleans in 1862, Officer
David G. Farragut demanded
Vicksburg's surrender. This
was refused and Farragut
had to withdraw because he
lacked the ground troops to
attack its defenses.
Siege of Vicksburg
By the end of the
second year of the
Civil War, Union
forces in the west
controlled much of
the Mississippi River.
Siege of Vicksburg
With the Union blockade
of the coastline,
Vicksburg was the
funnel through which
men and supplies
flowed between the two
halves of the
Confederacy
Siege of Vicksburg
Jefferson Davis called
Vicksburg, “The nail
head that holds the
Confederacy together.”
It was the last major
Confederate stronghold
on the Mississippi
River.
Vicksburg
Siege of Vicksburg
The city's geographical location on the
high bluffs overlooking a hairpin turn in
the river made it ideal for defense.
Siege of Vicksburg
The defensive line around Vicksburg ran
approximately 6.5 miles, that included hills
with steep angles
for an attacker to
ascend under fire.
The perimeter
included many gun
emplacements,
forts, and trenches.
Siege of Vicksburg
The major fortifications of the line
included Fort Hill, on a high bluff north of
the city; the
Stockade Redan,
dominating the
approach to the
city, the Square
Fort (Fort Garrott)
and the South Fort.
Siege of Vicksburg
By late spring 1863, Grant had spent
months unsuccessfully attacking the city.
Siege of Vicksburg
Grant decided to march the Union army
down the west side of the Mississippi River,
and then cross south of Vicksburg. With
grim determination,
Grant ordered his
men to cut a road
through the thick
forest and swamp
on the west side
of the river.
Siege of Vicksburg
As Grant's infantrymen slogged their way
south, the Union fleet ran past the guns at
Vicksburg under the cover of darkness.
Siege of Vicksburg
The fleet withstood
the punishing fire that
poured forth from
Confederate cannon
with the loss of only
one ship.
By morning, the Union
fleet was below
Vicksburg.
Siege of Vicksburg
In a few days, Grant
used the Union ships
to land 22,000 men on
the east bank of the
river.
Vicksburg
Siege of Vicksburg
Instead of moving
right on to
Vicksburg, Grant
takes his troops
farther east into
Mississippi
destroying rail and
telegraph lines
leading into
Vicksburg.
Siege of Vicksburg
Grant sends two of his divisions farther
east to take Jackson, the capital of
Mississippi. After taking the capitol, he
orders
Jackson
burned, not
wanting to
spare any
troops to
guard the city.
Siege of Vicksburg
After burning Jackson, Grant marched
toward Vicksburg and driving the
Confederate army, commanded by
General John C. Pemberton, back to
defend to
Vicksburg.
Siege of Vicksburg
Unable to take the
city by force Grant
used his troops to
surrounded the city.
Siege of Vicksburg
From mid May until
early July, The
Confederates inside
Vicksburg were cut
off from all supplies,
but the citizens still
refused to surrender.
Vicksburg
Siege of Vicksburg
Disease and
starvation began to
spread rapidly
through the city as
the summer dragged
on and the siege
continued.
Siege of Vicksburg
Finally, on the morning of July 4,
1863, the Confederates surrendered,
turned over their weapons and other
equipment, and were allowed to
return home.
Siege of Vicksburg
Since New Orleans had been taken the
previous spring, the Union now had total
control over the Mississippi River, and
the South was
split in two. The
Anaconda Plan
was now almost
complete. The
tide of war turned
in favor of the
Vicksburg
North.
Get your
whiteboards and
markers ready!
Why was Vicksburg such an
important military objective?
A. Most of the Confederate weapons were made
there.
B. It was located in such a way that it could
control shipping on the Mississippi River.
C. It was a city in which men and supplies
passed between the eastern and western
halves of the Confederacy.
D. It was the favorite vacation spot of General
Lee.
(Choose all that apply)
Which part of the Anaconda Plan
was completed by the Union with the
capture of Vicksburg.
A. Meat from Texas cold no longer be shipped to
troops in Virginia.
B. The state of Mississippi was now back in
the Union.
C. The Confederacy was divided in half.
D. All of the above.
Once Grant crossed the Mississippi
why did he not go directly to
Vicksburg.?
A. He moved east to cut off telegraph
communication and rail lines to Vicksburg.
B. He needed to wait for reinforcements.
C. The direct route to Vicksburg was too
difficult through swamps and forests.
D. He needed to resupply his troops with food
and ammunition.
Why did Grant burn Jackson,
Mississippi?
A. He knew the fire would be visible for miles
around and draw Confederate troops into an
ambush in Jackson.
B. He wanted to destroy any explosives or
weapons that might be stored in Jackson.
C. It was an accident.
D. He did want to spare any of his soldiers to
guard the city.
A and B Discuss
Grant almost went out of his way to take
and then destroy Jackson, the capitol of
Mississippi. What reasons may Grant
have had in doing this?