Transcript Battles of Civil War Start

The American Civil War Battles
At start of war
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REVIEW
• What Advantages does each side have?
Advantages of each side
• Home tuff advantage
• The North’s population
• Had the passion for the fight
• Industry
• Railroads
• navy
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Who is the president of each
side?
The Leaders
Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth
President of the United States. He
opposed the expansion of slavery. A
Republican, Lincoln led the Union
during the Civil War.
Jefferson Davis was President of the
Confederate States of America. During the
Mexican War, he had been an officer in
the United States Army. Davis also had
served as the United States Secretary of
War.
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The Generals
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
William T. Sherman
Thomas Jackson
George Meade
James Longstreet
George B. McClellan
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James E.B. Stuart
What is each side’s plan?
Strategies
Anaconda Plan
-blockade the Southern ports
-take the Mississippi
-take the capital
-don’t give up
-get friends
The Confederacy adopted a
defensive strategy and attempted
to secure alliances with more
powerful countries such as Britain
and France.
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Major Battles of the Civil War
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Where do the first shots ring out
at?
Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
The first shots of the Civil War were fired
at Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson of
the United States Army had moved his
troops to the base because he feared a
Confederate attack. In the early morning
of April 12, 1861, the Confederates
launched an attack. Northern troops under
Anderson’s command returned fire, but
were ineffective. The Confederacy
continued its attack with prolonged
gunfire, and the Union troops in the fort
surrendered a day later. One Confederate
soldier and four Union soldiers were
killed in the battle.
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South Carolina
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
July 21, 1861
• Union troops move from
DC to Richmond led by
General Irvin McDowell
led the Union
• Soon met by
Confederates
• Battle takes place near
river known as Bull Run
• Union breaks through
Confederate lines
• It looks as if the
Confederates will win
Battle of Bull Run
• “The war is over!” yelled
some
• General Thomas Jackson
rallied the Confederate
troops
– Stonewall Jackson
• Union troops panicked and
fled
• Both sides needed more
training
– Union lost 3000 men
– Confederates lost 2000 men
• Battle lasted 5 hours
http://www.schooltube.com/video/0c14707b5f394bc6a92b/
Battle of Bull Run
• After defeat Lincoln
appointed General
George McClellan
as commander of
Union army of the
East
• A very cautious man
Shiloh
Tennessee
April 6-7, 1862
Union under Ulysses S. Grant
was moving towards
Tennessee River and were
attacked by Confederates
The Southern troops forced
them to retreat toward the
river. Although the
Confederate soldiers had
gained ground, they suffered
many losses
1st day Confederates looked
as if they would win.
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Shiloh
• On the second day the Union army claimed
ground in the early morning
• Eventually the Confederates are forced to
retreat.
• Union lost 13,000
• Confederates lost 11,000
http://www.history.com/videos/the-battle-ofshiloh
Naval Action
• Blockade became very
effective
• Trade in southern ports
dropped 90%
• Confederates took an
abandoned Union warship
and renamed it Virginia
– Covered it with iron plates
– Shooting it with cannonballs
ineffective
The War at Sea
The Battle of the Ironclads also is known
as the Battle of Hampton Roads and the
Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack.
It was the first naval battle between two
ironclad ships, the Union’s USS Monitor and
the Confederacy’s CSS Virginia, which was
rebuilt from the USS Merrimack.
The battle took place over two days, and
the Virginia destroyed many of the Union’s
wooden ships.
The next day, the two ironclads clashed at sea,
and the Virginia was damaged. Neither side
claimed victory in this battle, but the battle
revealed the future of naval warfare
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yH12w
FnuUzY
. Ironclad, steam-driven ships were at a
decisive advantage against wooden sailing
vessels.
Antietam
Maryland
September 17, 1862
The Battle of Antietam, also
known as the Battle of
Sharpsburg, was fought on
September 16–18, 1862. It
was a confrontation
between Union and
Confederate forces under
Generals George McClellan
and Robert E. Lee.
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Battle of Antietam
• September 1862
General Lee took
the offensive
– Marched troops to
DC
– Union officer found a
copy of Lee’s battle
plans
• Wrapped in three
cigars
Battle of Antietam
• General McClellan attacked
Lee’s main forces at
Antietam
• 23,000 union and
Confederate soldiers were
killed or wounded
• Lee ordered his troops back
• No clear winner at that battle
• Lincoln replaced McClellan
with General Ambrose
Burnside
• Federal armies brutalized the
Confederacy; the combined
General McClellan
General Burnside
• General Burnside
• The term
sideburns comes
from this man
RECAP
• WHO WONTHE FOLLOWING
– Sumter
– Battle of Bull Run
– Shiloh
– 1st Naval battle
– Antietam
RECAP
• Who are the major generals you have
learned about so far?
• How is the war going for the North so far?