Transcript Stuart`s Power Point presentation

ZOUAVE UNITS IN THE
UNION ARMY
1861 - 1865
Origins of the Zouaves
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Warriors of the Zouaoua tribe from Algeria
and Morocco
Traditional source of soldiers for the
Ottoman Empire before 1830
Joined with the French Army in 1830
Uniform of short jacket, vest, baggy
trousers, 12 foot sash, leggings, greaves, fez
or turban
French Zouaves
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1852 – Emperor Napoleon III created three
French Zouave regiments
Recruited only native Frenchmen
Algerians/Moroccans formed into units
known as Tirailleurs Algeriens
Known as “Turcos”, they distinguished
themselves in light blue Zouave uniforms
“Turco” Zouave
French Zouaves in the Crimean
War
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20 Sep 1854: Battle of Alma
• Captured Russian artillery after scaling a steep
ridge
5 Nov 1854 – Battle at Inkermann
• Heavy losses repelling Russians
7 Jun 1855 – Siege of Sebastopol
• 500 fell taking Russian earthworks
8 Sep 1855 – Battle of Malakoff
• Marshal MacMahon led 1st Zouaves that
captured the Russian position
French Zouaves in War
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French Zouaves gained fame with the
bayonet
Reputation equaled the Highlanders of the
British Army
Fought against the Austrians in 1859 in the
Italian campaign
Gained a reputation in the “Mexican
Adventure” in the late 1860s
Imperial French Zouaves
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1855 – Napoleon created an Imperial Guard
from best of the other three
1st Regiment – Red Tombeau (False Pocket)
2nd Regiment – White Tombeau
3rd Regiment – Blue Tombeau
Imperial Guard - Yellow Tombeau
Emperor Napoleon III’s
Imperial Guard
Brigadier General Philip Kearny
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1837 – Appointed 2LT in the
1st US Dragoons
1839 – 1LT assigned to French
Cavalry School
1840- Fought with French
Chasseurs d’Afrique in Algiers
1840 – 1846 – Aide-de-Camp to
Generals-in-Chief, US Army
Alexander Macomb and Winfield
Scott
1846 – 1848 Served in the
Mexican war
• Lost his left arm
Brigadier General Philip Kearny
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1859 - Served in Napoleon III’s Imperial
Guard
• Fought at Solferino, Italy
• Decorated with the French Legion of
Honor
Returned at the outbreak of Civil War
• Appointed a BG of NJ Volunteers
1 Sep 1862 - KIA at 2nd Bull Run
FT Phil Kearny on the Bozeman Trail,
Banner WY
Captain George B. McClellan
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Assigned to be an observer during the
Crimean War
Recognized the French Zouaves as fierce
and elite troops
Encouraged the acceptance of French
military uniforms and customs
Other French influences were the Kepi (cap)
and the Minié ball
Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth
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Fascinated by the 7th NY State Militia
Law clerk of Abraham Lincoln in Chicago
Self taught military officer
Become a COL in the Chicago NG Cadets
Formed the United States Zouave Cadets
• Issued four sets of uniforms
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Nationally known as the best drill team in
the United States
Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth
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Strict moral discipline on his Zouaves
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No alcohol
No gambling
No billiards
No acts “unbecoming to a gentleman”
No French Zouave would have joined!
COL Ellsworth and the U.S.
Zouave Cadets
Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth
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Challenged any regular or militia unit
within the US and Canada
Personally financed an 1860 tour of 19
Northern East Coast cities
Performed for President James Buchanan
Outstanding drill unit became the
standard for all militia units
Ellsworth’s portrait also stirred women!
United States Zouaves
Chicago newspapers reported:
“A Zouave is a fellow who can climb a greased pole
feet first, carrying a barrel of pork in his teeth –
that is a Zouave!”
“A fellow who can take a five shooting revolver in
each hand and knock the spots out of the ten of
diamonds at 80 paces, turning somersaults all the
time and firing every shot in the air – that is a
Zouave!”
Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth
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Disbanded the U.S. Zouave Cadets due to
lack of funds
Joined the law firm of Lincoln
• Campaigned for him in 1860
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Lobbied for the position of Chief, National
Militia Bureau
Received an appointment as a 2LT in the
Army in 1861
Ellsworth’s Fire Zouaves
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Resigned and returned to New York to raise
the first Zouave unit
Ellsworth stated
• “I want the New York firemen for there are no
more effective men in the country and none
with whom I can do so much.”
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Irish firemen volunteered in large numbers
However, 9th New York, Hawkin’s Zouaves,
first unit formed 23 Apr 1861
Ellsworth’s Fire Zouaves
Ellsworth’s Fire Zouaves
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29 Apr 1861 - 11th New York Volunteer Infantry
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Boarded steamer Baltic for Washington in May
1861
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7 May 1861 - Regiment was housed inside the
unfinished House of Representatives
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Using ropes, many swung from the top of the
unfinished Capitol rotunda
Ellsworth’s Fire Zouaves
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“Purchased” food, drink and boots and charged
all to President Lincoln!
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Stole a fire engine and paraded it around
Washington City!
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Burned an effigy of Jefferson Davis and started a
fire!
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Ellsworth was furious about their misbehavior!
Willard’s Hotel
Zouaves redeemed
themselves by putting
out a fire near
Willard’s Hotel
COL Ellsworth’s Death
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Led the 11th New York into Alexandria, VA
on 24 May 1861
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Attempted to remove the Stars and Bars
from the Marshall House Tavern
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Ellsworth rushed into the Tavern and up
the stairs to tear down the flag
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The owner, James Jackson, shot Ellsworth
as he walked down the stairs
COL Ellsworth’s Death
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Shotgun slug hit his Baltimore City Guard
Fireman’s Badge
CPL Francis E. Brownell shot Jackson in
the head and bayoneted him
Jackson became a Southern martyr
Brownell received a commission as a 2LT
26 Jan 1877 – Received the Medal of Honor
for killing Jackson
COL Elmer E.
Ellsworth’s
Death
1st Union Zouave
officer killed in
the war
CPL (2LT)
Francis E.
Brownell
Union Zouave Units by State
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CA:
CT:
DC:
DE:
IA:
IL:
IN:
KS:
MA:
ME:
MI:
MN:
8 units
None
1 unit
1 unit
2 units
11 units
20 units
2 units
11 units
2 units
8 units
1 unit
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MO:
NE:
NH:
NJ:
NY:
OH:
OR:
PA:
RI:
VT:
WI:
6 units
1 unit
None
9 units
43 units
8 units
None
43 units
1 unit
1 unit
8 units
COL Noah Farnham
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21 Jul 1861 – 11th NYVI
ordered to support Union
artillery with US
Marines
Confederate volleys
panicked the 11th &
Marines
Some Zouaves held their
ground
WIA but died 14 Aug
1861
Aftermath of 11th NYVI
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Alexandria became longest occupied
territory of the war
• HQS for US Military Railroad and one of the
largest US Military Hospitals
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Discarded their “gaudy” uniforms for
Union blue
Mustered out in July 1861
2nd Fire Zouaves & Brooklyn Fire Zouaves
became the 73rd NYVI
Colonel Abram Duryeé
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Wealthy New York City mahogany merchant
Former commander of the 7th New York National
Guard
Organized the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry
after Fort Sumter
Manhattan’s educated elite with numerous
Englishmen
• Physically fit and many were over 6 feet tall
• Students, businessmen and veterans of European wars
COL ABRAM
DURYEÉ
5th New York
Volunteer
Infantry
5th New York officers and
visiting guests
enjoyed a champagne
brunch
provided by New York
lawyer George Templeton
Strong (seated, second from
left).
5th NYVI, Duryeé’s Zouaves
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Former 7th NY or West Point graduates
LTC Gouvenour K. Warren and CPT
Judson Kilpatrick would later gain fame
Trained and shipped to the Virginia
Peninsula
10 Jun 1861 – Battle of Big Bethel, VA
Proved themselves by going into battle
singing “Bingo”
COL Duryeé transferred and LTC Warren
took over command
5th NYVI, Duryeé’s Zouaves
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Jul 1861 – Garrison duty in Baltimore, MD
Mar 1862 – COL Warren given a brigade
before the Peninsula Campaign
• LTC Hiram Duryea new commander
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27 Jun – Attacked the 1st SC Rifles three
times at Gaine’s Mill
• While being relieved under fire, LTC Duryea
formed the unit , counted-off and marched off
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Confederates were very impressed but not
intimidated
LTC
Hiram
Duryea
BG (Brevet) Hiram Duryea
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Jul 1861 – Commissioned CPT in 5th NY
Infantry
27 Jun 62 – Led three attacks at Gaine’s
Mill, VA
Oct 1862 – Promoted to COL but left the
service due to wounds
26 May 1866 – Commissioned a Brevet
Brigadier General of Volunteers
5 May 1914 – Shot seven times by his
deranged son, Chester
5th New York Volunteer Infantry
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“I doubt whether it had an equal and
certainly no superior among all the
regiments of the Army of the Potomac”
GEN George Sykes
Considered the best drilled unit in the
Federal Army
1508 mustered / 211 KIA / 14%
5 members obtained full general
4 members obtained brevet general
th
9
New York Volunteer Infantry
Hawkins’ Zouaves
COL Rush C. Hawkins
4 May 1861 – Commander
19 Apr 1862 – WIA at
Camden, NC
20 May 1863 – mustered out
of service
13 Mar 1865 – Appointed BG
(Brevet)
th
9
NY Volunteer Infantry
Hawkins’ Zouaves
9th NYVI, Hawkins’ Zouaves
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23 Apr 1861 organized in NYC
4 May 1861 mustered into Union Army
1861 - Burnside’s Expedition in NC
1862 – Antietam and Fredericksburg
6 May 1863 – 3 year enlistees to 3rd NYVI
20 May 1863 – term of service expired
Lost 4 officers and 92 enlisted
th
14
Brooklyn Volunteer Infantry
Brooklyn Zouaves/Chasseurs
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1847 – Originally formed as the 14th NYSM
COL Alfred M. Wood
• Became Mayor of Brooklyn, 1864-1865
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18 May 1861 –Organized as the 14th
Brooklyn Volunteer Infantry
COs A through I, with a CO of Sappers and
Miners
• Aug 1861 - Sappers & Miners mustered out
th
14
Brooklyn Volunteer Infantry
Brooklyn Zouaves/Chasseurs
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25 May 1861 mustered into service
• 1861 – 1862- 1st Bull Run
• 1862 - Seven Days’ Battle, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam and
Fredericksburg
• 1863 - Chancellorsville and Gettysburg
• 1864 -Wilderness and Spotsylvania Courthouse
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6 Jun 1864 – Mustered out of service
• Veterans & recruits transferred to 5th NY Veteran INF
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Lost 8 officers and 223 enlisted
th
14
Brooklyn “Redlegs”
69th New York State Militia
Irish Brigade
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Organized by COL Michael Cochran
Replaced the troop of cavalry with a new
Company “K” known as “Irish Zouaves”
Uniform consisted of short Zouave jacket,
vest and green sash
21 Jul 1861 - COL Cochran captured and
spent more than a year as a POW
Thomas Francis
Meagher (Mar)
Born 18 Aug 1828 in
Waterford, Ireland
Thomas Francis Meagher
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1848 - Failed revolt by the Young Ireland Party
Captured with seven other Irish revolutionaries
Sentenced
• “to be drawn on a hurdle to the place of execution on
the 13th and there hanged until he be dead, his head
then to be cut off and his body to be cut into 4 quarters,
then disposed of as her majesty shall think fit."
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World opinion condemned the executions
Queen Victoria commuted their sentences to the
Penal Colony in Australia
Thomas Francis Meagher
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1874 – Sir Charles Duffy was elected the
Premier of the Colony of Victoria
• The Queen was informed that Duffy had been a
political prisoner 25 years before
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She then inquired about all prisoners, to
include the eight Irish revolutionaries
Here is the report she received…
Condemned Irish Revolutionaries
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Thomas Francis Meagher
BG, U S Army, MT Territorial
Governor
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Terrence McManus
BG, U S Army
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Patrick Donahue
BG, US Army
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Richard O'Gorman
Governor General, Newfoundland
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Morris Lyene
Attorney General of Australia
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Michael Ireland
Succeeded Morris Lyene
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Thomas D'Arcy McGee
Member of Parliament, Montreal
Minister of Agriculture
John Mitchell
New York politician; Father of
John P. Mitchell, Mayor, NYC, 1917
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Thomas Francis Meagher
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1852 - Escaped from Tasmania
1853 – Arrived in San Francisco
1854 – Arrived in New York
1856 - Became a journalist and published
the Irish News in NYC
1861 – Raised a company of Zouaves for the
Irish Brigade
CPT
Meagher
with
CO K 69th
New York
Irish
Brigade
CO K, 69th NYVI “Irish Brigade”
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Recruited from Buffalo, NY
23 Apr 1861 – Garrison Duty, Washington,
DC
27 Apr – 2 May – Garrison Duty,
Annapolis, MD
3 May – 23 May – Returned to Washington
for duty in the defenses
9 May – Mustered for three months service
24 May – 15 Jul - Advance into Virginia and
occupation of Arlington Heights
CO K, 69th NYVI “Irish Brigade”
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16 Jul - Attached to Sherman's Brigade,
Tyler's Division, McDowell's Army of
Northeast Virginia
16-21 Jul - Advance on Manassas, VA
21 Jul – Battle of Bull Run
CPT Meagher was an acting Major
Demonstrated fearless leadership
Had his horse shot out from under him
Barely escaped death and capture
Bull Run, 21 Jul 1861
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69th New York made up the rear guard of
McDowell’s army
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Retreated in good order
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3 Aug – Co K mustered out in NYC
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CO K lost 1 Officer and 50 Enlisted men
killed
CO K
69th New York
Thomas Francis Meagher
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Dec 1862 - Led the Irish Brigade at Fredericksburg
May 1863 - Promoted to Brigadier General
• 69th New York was decimated at Chancellorsville
Assigned to command military district of Etowah, TN
Post-war
• Secretary of the Montana Territory and acting
governor
1 Jul 1867 – Fell (?) off a steamboat and drowned in
the Missouri River
• Body never recovered
114 PA Volunteer Infantry
Collis’ Zouaves
114th PAVI, Collis’ Zouaves
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17 Aug 1861 – Organized in Philadelphia by CPT
Charles Henry Tuckery Collis
• Collis’ Independent Company or “Zouaves De
Afrique”
1861 - Saw action in the Harpers Ferry area
1862 – Assigned to GEN Bank’s DIV
• Marched after GEN Jackson’s Stonewall
Brigade in the Valley Campaign
• Rear guard at Front Royal for Bank’s army
Flanked by Wheat’s Tigers from 1st Louisiana
114th PA, Mary Tepe, 155th PA
Mary Tepe,
114th PAVI Vivandiére
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27th PAVI – PVT Bernardo
Tepe caught stealing
• She left the 27th and joined
the 114th PAVI
Carried whiskey, tobacco,
food and a pistol
Cooked, washed, mended &
wrote letters
$21.45 per month for assisting
doctors
13 Dec 1862 – Shot at
Fredericksburg in left ankle
Mary Tepe,
114th PAVI Vivandiére
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May 1863 – Kearny Cross at
Chancellorsville
Jul 1863 – Set up field
hospitals behind Little Round
Top
1864 – Bloody Angle at
Spotsylvania Courthouse
9 Apr 1872 – Married
Richard Leonard
Mary Tepe,
114th PAVI
Vivandiére
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Became an invalid with
rheumatism
Suffered from the bullet
lodged in her ankle
May 1901 – Willed $31.35 to
husband
Drank ‘Paris green’ a
mixture of pesticide and
paint
Grave dedicated in 1988,
Carrick, PA
PVT WILLIAM
MONTGOMERY
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155TH PA Zouaves
15 years old
KIA 9 April 1865
Appomattox Courthouse
Last Union Zouave killed
in the Eastern Theater
34th IN Volunteer Infantry
Morton Rifles
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16 Sep 1861 – Organized at Anderson, IN
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5-14 Mar 1862 – New Madrid
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15 Mar - 8 Apr 1862 – Island No. 10
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1862 – 1863 – Arkansas Operations
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18 May – 4 Jul 1863 – Siege of Vicksburg
34th INVI, Morton Rifles
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Oct – Nov 1863 – Western LA Campaign
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15 Dec 1863 – Regiment re-enlisted as Zouaves
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Dec 1864 – Jan 1865 – Texas Campaign
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12-13 May 1865 – Palmetto Ranch, TX
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Feb 1866 – Mustered out of Union Army
PVT JOHN J.
WILLIAMS
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34TH IN “Morton
Rifles”
KIA 13 May 1865
Palmetto Ranch, TX
Last Union Soldier of
the War/ Last Union
Zouave of the War
QUESTIONS?