Transcript chapter 14 - Cengage Learning

CHAPTER 14
Descent into War, 1861 - 1862
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War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861
 Lincoln calls for troops to quell “rebellion”
 States make decision on secession
 Northern advantage
 Population
 Industry
 Southern advantages
 Could fight defensive war
 Military academies
 Cotton
 Strategy for South is to fight defensively, while
North wants to capture Mississippi River

Anaconda plan
Southern Secession
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War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861
(cont.’d)
 Neither side has clear advantage in civil leaders
 Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers, the
Union 500,000
 Bull Run (Manassas Junction) first real battle



J.E.B. Stuart
“Stonewall” Jackson
Causalities were fairly even, but Confederates won
 Women participate in war from earliest days
 Dorothea Dix
 Clara Barton
Battle of Bull Run
(Manassas), July
21, 1861
War Takes Command: August 1861
to March 1862
 Lincoln has problems finding competent generals
 George McClellan
 John Fremont
 War takes tremendous toll from the beginning on
economy and homefront
 Northern blockade is effective against South
 Trent Affair cuts short southern attempt to get
foreign help
War Takes Command: August 1861
to March 1862 (cont.’d)
 General Ulysses Grant successfully pushes
towards Mississippi River

Fort Donelson
 Ironclads enter war in both Union and
Confederate Navies


USS Monitor
CSS Virginia
Campaigns in the West
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The Union on the Offensive: March to
September 1862
 With McClellan stalling, Union troops at Shiloh,
Tennessee, win victory over South

William T. Sherman
 New Orleans falls to Union troops
 David Farragut
 Confederates resort to conscription
 Seven Days’ War
 30,000 killed and wounded
 Conflict was not decisive for either side
Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862
Peninsula Campaign, 1862
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Slavery under Attack
 Slavery becomes more central issue


Union troops accept runaway slaves as
“contrabands”
Lincoln begins to plan his Emancipation
Proclamation

Copperheads
 South wins Second Battle of Manassas but sustains
losses at Antietam

25,000 killed and wounded at Antietam
 By end of 1862, war is effectively a stalemate
Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862
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Lee’s Invasion of Maryland, 1862; Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862
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Discussion Questions
 What were the advantages and disadvantages of
both the North and the South as the war began?
 Compare and contrast the war strategies of the
Union and Confederacy. Why did the North win?
 Examine the Emancipation Proclamation. What
effect did it have on the war?
 Evaluate the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Was
he an effective wartime president? What were his
greatest mistakes?