Transcript 4.1 Lincoln-Douglas Debates - Fort Thomas Independent Schools

4.1 LINCOLN-DOUGLAS
DEBATES & THE CIVIL WAR
US HISTORY
LINCOLN
• Born in Kentucky: worked on a farm
• Moved to Indiana: taught himself to read and write
• At 21 family moved to Illinois where he became a lawyer
and legislator.
• Was a member of the Whig party, but after the KNA of
1854 joined the Republicans.
• By 1858 he was the Republican candidate for the US
Senate.
DOUGLAS
• AKA the little giant
• Was a Democrat from the free state of Illinois.
• Was the leader of the party in the US senate
• Was up for re-election in 1858.
LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES
• Lincoln sent Douglas an invitation to debate their
issues to the public.
• Douglas reluctantly agreed….why?
• They had seven debates, in seven different cities of
IL.
• Douglas was fiery and passionate v. Lincoln who
was humorous a well spoken.
LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES
“HOUSE DIVIDED”
• In the course of the debates Lincoln gave his famous “house
divided” speech.
• “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe
this government cannot endure permanently half
slave, and half free……I do not expect the Union to
be dissolved. I do not expect the house to fall; but I
do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become
all one thing, or all the other.”
ELECTION RESULTS
• In the 1800’s, US Senators were elected by the
legislature in their state.
• With no popular vote, Douglas won the election.
• However, Lincoln gained national attention and the
confidence to take on Douglas in the up-coming
1860 presidential election.
THE ELECTION OF 1860
• Issues between Northern and Southern Politics was
one key problems that afflicted the election of 1860
• The two parties: Republicans and Democrats both
nominated moderates on the issue of slavery
• Republicans: Abraham Lincoln
• Democrats: Stephen Douglas
• Southern Democrats felt that Douglas would not
represent their proslavery ideals. They nominated a
different candidate: John Breckinridge
• After the votes came in, Lincoln had won throughout
the populous northern states, thereby winning the
electoral vote.
THE SECESSION OF THE SOUTH
• Only one month after Lincoln’s election, South Carolina
announced its decision to secede from the Union; other
southern states followed.
• They elect Jefferson Davis as their president
• Besides just Slavery, why did the South Secede?
• Cultural and Economic Differences: Plantation life vs. Industrial life.
• Regional Loyalties
• The South had weaker nationalism throughout US history
• South did not believe the North would go to war
• Many Southerners believed that secession would be a peaceful and
easy victory. “Cotton is King”, Britain wouldn’t allow their trade to be
upset.
• Battle begins at Fort Sumter: The North controlled a fort on an
island just off Charleston. The South ordered Lincoln to give up
the Fort; Lincoln sent food and supplies to the fort instead.
THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS
• After the North refused to give up Fort Sumter, the South
sieged the fort. The war had begun
• Within the 11 states that seceded, they formed a new
government called the Confederate States of America.
Northern Advantages
Southern Advantages
Higher Population
Better strategic Position
Economic Superiority
Prepared for War
Political Leadership
Military Leadership
Foreign Relations
Morale: fighting for culture
Railroads! (faster troops movement)
Naval Superiority
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
MAP OF THE STATES AT WAR
THE CIVIL WAR: FIGHTING
• North’s Plan: Anaconda Plan: Surround the seceded
states and prevent supplies from reaching them (War of
Attrition)
• South’s Plan: Defend their turf (defending is generally a
better position in wars)
• Battle of Bull Run: ‘Stonewall’ Jackson resisted a much
larger Union force.
• Battle of Antietam: In the first years of the war (18611862), the South won most important battles. Horrible
losses on both sides (South had to retreat but battle was
a draw)
• Emancipation Proclamation (Jan, 1863): Proclaimed
slaves free in the 10 states still in rebellion
BATTLES CONTINUED
• Battle of Gettysburg: With war supplies running low,
the South’s brilliant general Robert E. Lee, Lee made
an offensive move. It was a three day-long siege of
the Pennsylvania Fort in Gettysburg. After the dust
settled, the North was the clear victor
• -Lincoln Gives Gettysburg address
• William Tecumseh Sherman was ordered to march
to the Sea (east) from Tennessee to Georgia. He
purposefully burned civilian fields and destroyed
public property; when asked why, he responded
“War is Hell.”
THE CONCLUSION OF THE WAR
• For four years the South resisted attacks on their
capital (Richmond, VA).
• However, in April of 1865, the beleaguered south
gave way and the Union Army marched on
Richmond.
• Seven days later, Lee surrendered his army to Grant
at the Appomattox court house; the war was over.
• “Reconstruction” begins…
• 13th Amendment = Abolished Slavery
• 14th Amendment = Equal Protection under the law
Citizenship for slaves
• 15thAmendment = Suffrage for black men
HOMEWORK QUESTIONS
• 1). What were the most significant strengths of the
Union army?
• 2). What were the most significant strengths of the
Confederate Army?
• 3). Where did the Civil War begin? Where did the
Civil war end?
• 4) What is the period after the Civil War called?