Transcript The War between the States

THE CIVIL WAR
AP US History
Mrs. Lacks
THE UNION & CONFEDERACY
IN 1861
Rating the North & the South
RAILROAD LINES, 1860
Resources:
North & the
South
SLAVE/FREE STATES POPULATION, 1861
Men Present
for Duty
in the Civil
War
Immigrants
as a %
of a State’s
Population
in
1860
THE CSA





11 states, 9 million people (including 3.5 million slaves)
Army: about 600,000 – 1,500,000
Navy: no real navy
Original capital: Montgomery, Alabama
2 nd (and longest) capital: Richmond, VA
CONFEDERATE CONSTITUTION
 “We, the people of the Confederate States, each State
acting in its sovereign and independent character, in
order to form a permanent federal government,
establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and secure
the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity
invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God do
ordain and establish this Constitution for the
Confederate States of America.”
 Differences & Similarities: US & CS?
THE LEADERS OF THE
CONFEDERACY
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
 1808 – 1889
 Born in Kentucky
 Married: Sarah Knox Taylor,
then Varina Howell (6 kids)
 Served in Mex-Am War
 Democrat
 US Rep from Miss
 US Senate from Miss
 US Secretary of War
 1 st and only President of the
CSA (resigned from US Senate
when Miss seceded and was
elected without opposition)

JEFFERSON
DAVIS
Resume
 Southerners believed there would
be no war
 Davis feared otherwise
 1 st goal: to establish peace
between USA and CSA
 set up a Peace Commission as
part of the Confederate Congress
 on the way to DC to pay for any
US federal property on Southern
soil when Ft Sumter happened
JEFFERSON
DAVIS
Goals
THE CONFEDERATE “WHITE HOUSE”
THE CONFEDERATE SEAL
MOTTO  “With God As Our
Vindicator”
FORT SUMTER
Charleston, SC
Lincoln’s Dilemma
Davis’ Dilemma
FORT SUMTER
 No casualties
 North leaves
 4 more states secede
 Lincoln calls for troops
LINCOLN’S GENERALS
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan
GEORGE MCCLELLAN
 1 st General of Union
Army (1861 & 1862)
 chose to lead - good
administrator, popular
with troops, incredibly
cautious
 fired after Battle of
Antietam (Antietam
ended in a stalemate,
but Lincoln
considered it a
victory; South had
been winning until this
point)
MCCLELLAN: I CAN DO IT ALL!
ULYSSES S. GRANT
 Born in Ohio as Hiram U.
Grant
 graduate of West Point
 fought in the Mexican War
 resigned from army and
failed at several business
ventures; tried
farming/owned slaves in
Missouri
 Returned to the army; led
troops in the West (TN, MS),
and came to VA when called
by Lincoln
 Became last Union general
of the Civil War
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
 Leads “March to Sea”
through Georgia and
the Carolinas
 Burns Atlanta
 "General Grant is a great
general. I know him well.
He stood by me when I
was crazy, and I stood by
him when he was drunk;
and now, sir, we stand by
each other always."
Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
Anaconda
Plan
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
Jeb Stuart
George Pickett
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
ROBERT E. LEE
 Virginian, born in
Stafford, lived in Arlington
 modest, willing to take
chances, great soldier
 West Point graduate
 fought in war with Mexico
 Married Mary Custis
(granddaughter of George
Washington)
 led the group of Marines
in capturing John Brown
 Disagreed with slavery
 turned down an offer to
lead in the Union army
when VA seceded (loved
Virginia & the South)
ROBERT E. LEE
Asked to and took
control of the
Confederate Army
(called the Army of
Northern Virginia)
 Considered the
greatest general in
American History
(other than GW)
 Loved by his men,
respected by Grant
 Went on to work at
Washington College in
Lexington after the war
(now Washington &
Lee University)
THOMAS JONATHAN “STONEWALL”
JACKSON
 Virginian
 Graduated from West Point
 Fought in Mexican-American
War
 Taught at Virginia Military
Institute (VMI), Lexington,
VA
 stood “like a stone wall” in
battle
 Loved by his troops
 leader in confederate
victory at Bull Run
 Shot accidentally by his own
men at Battle of
Chancellorsville
 Buried in Lexington, VA
(statue at VMI salutes
Robert E. Lee – also buried
here)
SOUTHERN STRATEGY?
LINCOLN SENDS TROOPS SOUTH
Battle of Bull Run
st
(1 Manassas)
July, 1861
The Battle of Hampton Roads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
HAMPTON ROADS?
Nautically, a road is
a body of water,
larger than a harbor,
where you can
anchor a ship
DAMAGE ON THE DECK OF THE
MONITOR
BUY YOUR WAY OUT OF MILITARY
SERVICE
WAR IN THE EAST: 1861-1862
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
WHAT DID THE EP DO?
Allowed free blacks to fight for the Union
WHAT WILL ABOLISH SLAVERY IN THE
US?
AFRICAN AMERICAN RECRUITMENT
54 TH MASSACHUSETTS
Extensive Legislation Passed
Without the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
(1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
The War
in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
THE ROAD TO GETTYSBURG: 1863
GETTYSBURG CASUALTIES
The North
Initiates the
Draft, 1863
Recruiting Irish Immigrants
in NYC
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=ns-qtoxnAS8
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
http://w
ww.you
tube.co
m/watc
h?v=m
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K7xLc
Inflation
in the
South
Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
The Peace Movement: Copperheads
Clement
Vallandigham
1864 COPPERHEAD CAMPAIGN
POSTER
 Northerners who
wanted peace
(end war)
 Blamed abolitionists
for war
 Published
newspapers to get
Union soldiers to
desert
 Tried to help
Confederate
prisoners to escape
Presidential
Election
Results:
1864
The Final Virginia Campaign:
1864-1865
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Casualties
on Both
Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
Civil War
GREATLY aged
President Lincoln
1865
1860
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
CONSPIRACY!
 plan was to create disorder so the “south could rise
again”
 plans to kill 4 US leaders in one night
 President - A. Lincoln
 Vice President - Andrew Johnson
 Secretary of State - Seward
 General of the Army - Ulysses S. Grant
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The
Conspirators
Lewis
Powell
George Atzerodt
David
Herold
The Assassination
OTHER CONSPIRATORS
Mary Surratt - convicted of being an
accomplice and hanged
Dr. Samuel Mudd - life imprisonment - set
Booth’s broken leg
Edward Spangler - 6 years in prison stagehand at the theater who held Booth’s
horse
WANTED~~!!
Front Royal, VA –
Place of Booth’s death
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
The Execution