Transcript Start of the Civil War

Saturday, April 2, 2016
“Start of the Civil War”
Take away all of your prior knowledge of who wins
the war…Who do you think has a better chance of
winning the Civil War from what we know in our
notes thus far? Why?
Schedule:
*Thought of the Day
*Notes pg 21
*Maps, defining terms, time to work, oh my!
*What is due tomorrow? Pre-Civil War Research
*Quiz on 19-20 thursday
War Begins
-Election of 1860 – Lincoln
Wins
-Secession of lower states –
didn’t support the election
results
-Confederate States of
America A.K.A. Confederacy
-Firing on Ft. Sumter loss of a
union fort in confederate
lands
-Virginia Secedes followed by
Ark., NC, and Tenn.
-11 States Leave Union
SC, MS, FL,
AL, GA, LA,
TX, VA, AR,
NC, TN
Modern War
-Uses both old and new methods
of war
-Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles,
Battlefield Formations
-Railroads, telegraph, drafts,
submarines, armored ships,
observation balloons
-increased casualties
Strategy-Union
-Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan
developed by Winfield Scott
(Mex. Amer. War General)
-divide the south through the
Mississippi and control access
to its ports
-Blockade all ports along the
coast
- Control the Mississippi by
boat
-send a marching army behind
•First, all ports in the
confederacy were to be
rigorously blockaded.
•Second, a strong column of
perhaps 80,000 men should
use the Mississippi River as a
highway to thrust completely
through the Confederacy,
transported by boats and
supported by gunboats.
•They should advance rapidly,
capturing the Confederate
positions down the river in
sequence.
•They would be followed by a
more traditional army,
marching behind them to
secure the victories.
WHY IS IT CALLED THE ANACONDA PLAN?
Europe, You
better help
us! Or you’re
getting NO
MORE
COTTON!
Strategy-Confederacy
-defensive battle
- Home field advantage
- Troops know the lay of the
land
-European recognition
-Calls on England and France
for help
-uses Cotton as
bargaining tool
Advantages-Union
-most of the population
-larger
-large advantages in resources
-all factories are up north
-established government and
president
-most of the transportation and
industry
-controlled railroads
Advantages-Confederacy
-defending their homes
-more passionate about their
cause
-strong sectional pride
-better military tradition and
leadership
-Generals Lee and Jackson
Government Powers
-both sides had to increase
central government powers
-raise an army
-supply armies
-finance the war – war isn’t
cheap
-suppress any opposition
-Copperheads – northerners
against the union and against
war
snake
-named after poisonous
Raising Armies
-Northern Advantage
-volunteers at first
-drafts begin (Conscription)
-riots – people who didn’t want
to go to war
-bounties paid
-substitution possible for $$$
-many volunteers
Supplying Armies
-Union Advantages
-Industrial Capacity
-Transportation Capabilities
-Financial Centers
Confederate Problems
-Foraging the land
-Shortages
-Homefield advantage leads to
destroyed Southern cities
War Politics
-War to Preserve Union –
Lincoln’s Main Goal
-civil rights were restricted
-habeas corpus suspended –
citizens won’t need to be
charged with a crime to be
held in prison
-Emancipation Debated
Needed higher cause
-changes the “reason” for war
-Emancipation Proclamation
Jan. 1, 1863
Others in the War
-African Americans – called
upon to serve in the Union
army 18,000 AA served
Segregated Forces
54th Massachusetts –
All African American Army in
North
-Women
Nursing – made a female
dominated career
Clara Barton – first female
nurse that traveled with the
army
http://www.biography.com/people/clarabarton-9200960
http://www.history.com/topics/the-54thmassachusetts-infantry/videos#gilderlehrman-massachussetts-54th
• built in 1864 after Confederate
officials decided to move the large
number of Federal prisoners in and
around Richmond to a place of
greater security
-disillusionment of war
• During the 14 months it existed,
more than 45,000 Union soldiers
were confined here.
-bad medical care
• Of these, almost 13,000 died
from disease, poor sanitation,
malnutrition, overcrowding, or
exposure to the elements.
Soldier’s Lives
-filthy conditions
-poor food
-prison camps
Andersonville:
• Prison camp in GA during the
War
• held more prisoners at any
given time than any of the
other Confederate military
prisons