Transcript The Civil War in Texas and Beyond

The Civil War in
Texas and
Beyond
1861
Confederate States of
America is formed
• President – Jefferson Davis
• Capital – Richmond, Virginia
Jefferson Davis
Battle of Fort Sumter
• Charleston, South Carolina
• 1st battle of the Civil War
• Confederate victory
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter,
South Carolina
st
1
Battle of Bull Run
• Union troops tried to
capture Richmond.
• Stopped by Confederates
and pushed all the way
back to Washington,
D.C.
• Showed that neither side
was prepared for war.
Stonewall Jackson
Washington
D.C.
Richmond
Battle of Glorietta Pass
• Preventive strike against New Mexico
• Texas troops tried to capture Santa Fe
to prevent future Union attacks.
• Led by Gen. Henry H. Sibley
Glorietta Pass,
New Mexico
1862
Battle of Shiloh
• Grant’s 1st step in trying to
capture Mississippi River
• Confederate Gen.Albert
Sidney Johnston
was killed in battle
• 24,000 casualties in 2 days.
• Terry’s Texas Rangers were
part of this battle.
Gen. Albert Sidney
Johnston
Shiloh, Tennessee
Forty Unionists
hanged in Gainesville
• Some German
Unionists were
killed trying to
leave Texas.
• Other Unionists were captured,
arrested, and forced into the
Confederate army.
Battle of New Orleans
• Union Admiral Farragut took New
Orleans at the mouth of the
Mississippi River.
Admiral David Farragut
New Orleans, La.
Battle of Antietam
• Robert E. Lee
tried to invade
Maryland.
• 23,000 killed in
one day of
fighting.
Antietam, MD
Union forces capture
Galveston
• Largest Texas seaport
• Weak defense
• Captured easily by Union forces
Galveston, Texas
1863
Emancipation Proclamation
• President Lincoln announced that
all slaves in the rebelling states
were to be set free.
Battle of Galveston
• Gen. John McGruder led
500 rebels across the
railroad bridge from the
mainland to Galveston
• Gunboats (cotton clads)
sailed down Buffalo
Bayou from Houston and
attacked Union ships in
Galveston Bay.
Fighting on
Galveston docks
Battle of Sabine Pass
• Union troops planned
to sail up Sabine River
and capture Houston
and Beaumont.
• Stopped by Houston
bartender Dick
Dowling and 47
troops.
Monument to
Dick Dowling
Sabine Pass, Texas
Battle of Gettysburg (July 1 – 3)
• Robert E. Lee tried to
invade Pennsylvania
• 51,000 casualties in
3 day battle
• Hood’s Texas Brigade
played an important
role.
• Turning point of the
Civil War
• Huge Confederate
defeat.
Confederate dead at
Gettysburg
Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania
What a spectacular sight! The spectacle of thousands of soldiers spread out for a mile
in front of us filled us with such emotion. On one hand the sheer beauty of a vast
number of well trained men moving in ranks took on a quality of Olympic precision. But
our delight was continuously interrupted by the realization that this represented war
and all the horror, death and destruction
that goes with it.
Battle of Vicksburg
• Gen. Grant surrounded
Vicksburg, Mississippi for
6 weeks
• Vicksburg
surrendered
on July 4.
• The gave the
City of Vicksburg
Union complete control during the Civil War
of the Mississippi River.
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Battle of Brownsville
• U.S. tried to stop
Confederate trade with
Mexico by capturing
Brownsville and sailing
up the Rio Grande.
• Stopped by Texas
Colonel Santos
Col. Santos Benavides
Benavides
Brownsville, Texas
1864
Red River Campaign –
Battle of Mansfield
• 24,000 Union troops moved across
Louisiana, along the Red River.
• Planned to attack East Texas and Houston
• They were pushed
back at Mansfield, by
a smaller Confederate
army from Texas,
Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas.
Mansfield, Louisiana
Battle of Atlanta
• Atlanta was the South’s
main manufacturing city.
• Terry’s Texas Rangers
were part of the
Confederate Army
defending Atlanta.
• Captured and burned by
Union Gen. William
T. Sherman.
Atlanta, Georgia
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Sherman’s troops marched 300
miles from Atlanta to Savannah.
• Burned & destroyed everything in their
path.
(“Total War”)
• Terry’s Texas
Rangers conducted
guerrilla style attacks
against Sherman’s men
Sherman’s March
to the Sea
1865
Grant pursues Lee through Virginia
• Siege of Petersburg (south of Richmond)
• Union troops capture Richmond, Virginia
• Lee’s army retreats, hoping to meet up with
Gen. Johnston’s army in the Carolinas
• Lee’s troops run out of food
and ammunition
• Lee’s army is trapped near
Appomattox, Virginia
Appomattox, Virginia
Grant sends note to Lee asking for
his surrender
"General R.E. Lee, Commanding C.S.A.:
5 P.M., April 7th, 1865.
The results of the last week must convince you
of the hopelessness of further resistance on the
part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this
struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my
duty to shift from myself the responsibility of
any further effusion of blood by asking of you
the surrender of that portion of the Confederate
States army known as the Army of Northern
Virginia.
U.S. Grant, Lieutenant-General"
Appomattox Court House
Robert E. Lee surrendered to
Gen. Ulysses Grant in Virginia, ending
the Civil War.
Hood’s Texas Brigade was part of the Confederate
Army that surrendered at Appomattox.
Battle of Palmito Ranch
• Last battle of the
Civil War
• Texas Confederates
stopped Union troops
from invading the
Texas mainland.
Assassination of Lincoln
• President and Mrs. Lincoln
visited Ford’s Theatre in
Washington, D.C. to
see a play.
• The President was shot
in the head by
John Wilkes Booth.
John Wilkes Booth
Death Bed of Lincoln
Lincoln’s Funeral Procession
Oh Captain, My Captain! -By Walt Whitman
O Captain! my Captain!
our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weather'd every rack,
the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear,
the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel,
the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
O Captain! my Captain!
rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up--for you the flag is flung-for you the bugle trills,
For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths-for you the shores a-crowding,
For you they call, the swaying mass,
their eager faces turning;
Here Captain! dear father!
This arm beneath your head!
It is some dream that on the deck,
You've fallen cold and dead.
My Captain does not answer,
his lips are pale and still,
My father does not feel my arm,
he has no pulse nor will,
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound,
its voyage closed and done,
From fearful trip the victor ship
comes in with object won;
Exult O shores, and ring O bells!
But I with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
Gen. Gordon Granger
arrives in Galveston
• Union forces landed in
Galveston and
announced that the war
was over and the
slaves were free.
• Juneteenth Emanicipation Day
Gen. Gordon Granger
Between 15,000 and 20,000 Texans
served in Confederate armies in
Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia
General Robert E. Lee
called Hood’s Texas Brigade
his “finest soldiers”.
Terry’s Texas Rangers
fought in more battles than
did any other cavalry
regiment in the Civil War.
Conclusion
• Never at any time did
Union forces successfully
invade Texas.
• The moral of this story is …