Transcript Am St I CP 112

American Studies I CP
11.2
Politics in the South
• Set up like Union
• Problem: States rights over federal
government, made it difficult to organize a
war effort
Mobilizing for War (South)
• General Lee calls for a draft (he needed
manpower)
• Opponents claimed that this went against
states rights!!!
• April 1862 White men ages 18 -35
• After Antietam up to 45
• Later raised to 50
Confederates
• Confederate congress imposed a personal
income tax
• The army could seize male slaves for
military service
Not very successful
• Because each state was concerned with
it’s own state and not the new confederate
government… not all states participated in
the war programs
Seeking help from Europe
• May 1861 confederate Government sends
representatives to France and Britain
• They wanted recognition or official
acceptance as an independent nation and
they needed help
The Brits did allow
• Ships to be built for the confederates so
they could break the blockade
• Some Brits did support the idea of a
independent confederate state for
economic reasons…
• But, Slavery in Britain had been outlawed
in the 1830s and supported the south,
meant supporting slavery
Politics in the North
• The problem was how to gain civilian
support for the war in the United States
Tensions with Great Britain
• The Confederates send representative to
France and Britain aboard the British mail
ship Trent
• The United States takes the two
representatives and puts them in jail in the
United States
• England gets made and demands their
release
• Lincoln does
The Union Demands
• That Great Britain pay $19 million in
compensation for the damage done by
British built privateers (pirates)
Republican Control
• Without the regional differences, congress
got to work passing many laws which were
blocked by the South
• Pacific Railroad Act
• Homestead Act
• Raised Tariffs to protect Northern business
How to raise money for the war
• First federal income tax
• 3% to 5% of a total income
• The Internal Revenue Act of 1862 taxed
liquor, tobacco, medicine and newspaper
ads
• Reformed national banking systems
(remember it was a mess since Jackson)
• Printed Greenbacks
Remember
• This was the first total war
• The government and the army were
working together to win. It wasn’t just on
the battlefield
Opposition to the War
• Northern Democrats (remember, most
democrats were Southern)
• Protested against the war
• Called Copperheads after a poisonous
snake
• This group was worried about what would
happen after the slaves were freed
Emergency Wartime Actions
• Lincoln had all disloyal members of the
Maryland legislature to be arrested (this
way they couldn’t vote on leaving the
union)
• Martial law on Kentucky to keep it pro
Union
• Suspended writ of habeas corpus
Habeas corpus
• Legal protection requiring that a court
determine if a person is lawfully
imprisoned.
• Without it, a person can be held in prison
even though they are NOT charged.
• 13,000 people were imprisoned without
trial
Emancipation and the War
• As the body count rose, many people
wanted to punish the confederacy for
causing so much suffering.
• How about taking away property.. The
slaves
Lincoln and slavery
• Opposed slavery
• Didn’t feel he had the legal authority to
abolish (without an amendment)
• Looked at it as one more strategy for
winning the war (let’s talk about this)
Emancipation proclamation
• January 1, 1863
• Freed all slaves in areas of rebellion
against the government would be FREE
• How does this change the war?
Reaction
• It only applied to places under
Confederate control
• Some felt it didn’t go far enough
• Some felt it went too far
• For Europe.. It meant that they could not
support the South, without supporting
slavery
African Americans Join the War
• Slaves could escape and be protected by
Union troops
• (this also helped the Union troops
understand what slavery was)
• Slaves now wanted to take up arms and
join the Union Army
Legal argument
• If slaves were property, then they could be
seized as contraband and therefore
became the property of the United States,
who could then free the slaves
Remember the 3 M’s
• The north had to think about how to best
use these Men. At first they were used in
non combative roles… But, as the body
count continued to climb…. They were
used as soldiers
African American Soldiers
• 180,000
• About 10 % of the troops who served the
North were Black
• Ships = mixed
• Regiments = all black but the commander
was white
• Till June 1864 they got less pay
How does war..
• Blur stereo types?
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Think about
Civil War
World War II
Vietnam
Many blacks…
• Felt that by showing their talents in war,
they would gain respect after the war, and
be allowed full rights of citizenship
The Hardships of war